𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺

Ashokan Prakrit

Etymology

From Sanskrit जानाति (jānā́ti), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (“to know”), from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognate with Pali jānāti.

Verb

𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)

to know

Alternative forms

Attested at Bairat, Brahmagiri, Calcutta-Bairat, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Rupnath and Sahasram.

Dialectal forms of 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (“to know”)
Variety	Location	Forms edit
Central	Delhi-Topra	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
	Rupnath	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
	Bairat	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
	Sahasram	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
	Calcutta-Bairat	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
East	Dhauli	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
South	Brahmagiri	𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)

Map of dialectal forms of 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (“to know”)
𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati) (7)

Descendants

Central:
- Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀇 (jāṇaï)
  - Awadhi: जानब (jānab)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi)
  - Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    - Hindustani:
      Hindi: जानना (jānnā)
      
      Urdu: جاننا (jānnā)
  - Romani: ʒanel, janel, zsánel; zhanel; džanel
    - → Romanian: gini (“to notice, to observe, to pay attention to”)
Eastern:
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (yāṇadi)
  - Bengali-Assamese:
    - Assamese: জানা (zana), জনা (zona)
    - Bengali: জানা (jana)
    - Sylheti: ꠎꠣꠘꠣ (zana)
  - Bihari:
    - Bhojpuri: जानल (jānal)
    - Maithili: जानब (jānab)
  - Odia: ଜାଣିବା (jaṇiba)
Northern:
- Khasa Prakrit:
  - Garhwali: जाण्नु (jāṇnu)
  - Kumaoni: जाण्णो (jāṇṇo)
  - Nepali: जान्नु (jānnu)
Northwestern:
- Paisaci Prakrit:
  - Takka Apabhramsa:
    - Punjabi:
      Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਣਨਾ (jāṇnā)
      
      Shahmukhi script: جاننا (jānnā)
  - Vracada Apabhramsa:
    - Sindhi:
      Arabic script: ڄَاڻَڻُ
      
      Devanagari script: ॼाणणु
Southern:
- Helu Prakrit:
  - Dhivehi: ދަންނަނީ (dan̊nanī)
  - Sinhalese: දන්නවා (dannawā)
- Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀇 (jāṇaï), 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi); 𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (yāṇadi); 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (jāṇāi)
  - Konkani: jāṇce
    Devanagari script: जाण्चे
    Kannada script: ಜಾಣ್ಚೆ
    Latin script: zannche
  - Old Marathi: jāṇaṇe
    Modi script: 𑘕𑘰𑘜𑘜𑘹
    Devanagari script: जाणणे
    - Marathi: जाणणे (jāṇṇe)
Western:
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi)
  - Gurjar Apabhramsa:
    - Old Gujarati: जाणिवउं (jāṇivaũ)
      - Gujarati: જાણવું (jāṇvũ)
      - Marwari: जाणणौ (jāṇṇau)

References

Sen, Sukumar (1960) A Comparative Grammar of Middle Indo-Aryan, Linguistic Society of India, page 146.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jānāˊti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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