φεύγω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- φυγγάνω (phungánō) — Aeolic
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *pʰéugō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to flee”). Related to φυγή (phugḗ, verbal noun) and Latin fugiō.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰěu̯.ɡɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰew.ɡo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸeβ.ɣo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfev.ɣo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfev.ɣo/
Verb
φεύγω • (pheúgō)
- (intransitive) to flee, run off, go a certain direction with haste (often with prepositions)
- (transitive) to flee, escape, avoid, get away from (danger or trouble)
- (transitive or intransitive) to leave the country, go into exile
- (intransitive) to be exiled, banished, driven out of the country [+ ὑπό (genitive) = by someone]
- (intransitive, present and imperfect) to be in exile, live in banishment
- (perfect) to have escaped, be safe from
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.11–12:
- ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον
οἴκοι ἔσαν, πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν·- énth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron
oíkoi ésan, pólemón te pepheugótes ēdè thálassan; - At that time, all the others that had fled sheer destruction
were at home, having escaped war and the sea.
- énth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron
- ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον
- (law, chiefly present and imperfect) to be accused of a crime; often with δίκην (díkēn) and genitive of the crime
Usage notes
The present and imperfect often have a conative reading: to try to get away, intend to leave.
Inflection
Future active only appears in Koine Greek, in the form ἐκφεύξω (ekpheúxō).
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φεύγω | φεύγεις | φεύγει | φεύγετον | φεύγετον | φεύγομεν | φεύγετε | φεύγουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | φεύγω | φεύγῃς | φεύγῃ | φεύγητον | φεύγητον | φεύγωμεν | φεύγητε | φεύγωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φεύγοιμῐ | φεύγοις | φεύγοι | φεύγοιτον | φευγοίτην | φεύγοιμεν | φεύγοιτε | φεύγοιεν | |||||
| imperative | φεῦγε | φευγέτω | φεύγετον | φευγέτων | φεύγετε | φευγόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | φεύγομαι | φεύγῃ, φεύγει |
φεύγεται | φεύγεσθον | φεύγεσθον | φευγόμεθᾰ | φεύγεσθε | φεύγονται | ||||
| subjunctive | φεύγωμαι | φεύγῃ | φεύγηται | φεύγησθον | φεύγησθον | φευγώμεθᾰ | φεύγησθε | φεύγωνται | |||||
| optative | φευγοίμην | φεύγοιο | φεύγοιτο | φεύγοισθον | φευγοίσθην | φευγοίμεθᾰ | φεύγοισθε | φεύγοιντο | |||||
| imperative | φεύγου | φευγέσθω | φεύγεσθον | φευγέσθων | φεύγεσθε | φευγέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | φεύγειν | φεύγεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | φεύγων | φευγόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | φεύγουσᾰ | φευγομένη | |||||||||||
| n | φεῦγον | φευγόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ἔφευγον, ἐφευγόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφευγον | ἔφευγες | ἔφευγε(ν) | ἐφεύγετον | ἐφευγέτην | ἐφεύγομεν | ἐφεύγετε | ἔφευγον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφευγόμην | ἐφεύγου | ἐφεύγετο | ἐφεύγεσθον | ἐφευγέσθην | ἐφευγόμεθᾰ | ἐφεύγεσθε | ἐφεύγοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φεῦγον | φεῦγες | φεῦγε(ν) | φεύγετον | φευγέτην | φεύγομεν | φεύγετε | φεῦγον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | φευγόμην | φεύγου | φεύγετο | φεύγεσθον | φευγέσθην | φευγόμε(σ)θᾰ | φεύγεσθε | φεύγοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Imperfect: φεύγεσκον, φευγεσκόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φεύγεσκον | φεύγεσκες | φεύγεσκε(ν) | φευγέσκετον | φευγεσκέτην | φευγέσκομεν | φευγέσκετε | φεύγεσκον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | φευγεσκόμην | φευγέσκου | φευγέσκετο | φευγέσκεσθον | φευγεσκέσθην | φευγεσκόμεθᾰ | φευγέσκεσθε | φευγέσκοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Future: φεύξομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | φεύξομαι | φεύξῃ, φεύξει |
φεύξεται | φεύξεσθον | φεύξεσθον | φευξόμεθᾰ | φεύξεσθε | φεύξονται | ||||
| optative | φευξοίμην | φεύξοιο | φεύξοιτο | φεύξοισθον | φευξοίσθην | φευξοίμεθᾰ | φεύξοισθε | φεύξοιντο | |||||
| middle | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φεύξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φευξόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | φευξομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | φευξόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | indicative | φεύξω | φεύξεις | φεύξει | φεύξετον | φεύξετον | φεύξομεν | φεύξετε | φεύξουσῐ(ν) |
| optative | φεύξοιμῐ | φεύξοις | φεύξοι | φεύξοιτον | φευξοίτην | φεύξοιμεν | φεύξοιτε | φεύξοιεν | |
| active | |||||||||
| infinitive | φεύξειν | ||||||||
| participle | m | φεύξων | |||||||
| f | φεύξουσᾰ | ||||||||
| n | φεῦξον | ||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔφῠγον | ἔφῠγες | ἔφῠγε(ν) | ἐφῠ́γετον | ἐφῠγέτην | ἐφῠ́γομεν | ἐφῠ́γετε | ἔφῠγον | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠ́γω | φῠ́γῃς | φῠ́γῃ | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γωμεν | φῠ́γητε | φῠ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠ́γοιμῐ | φῠ́γοις | φῠ́γοι | φῠ́γοιτον | φῠγοίτην | φῠ́γοιμεν | φῠ́γοιτε | φῠ́γοιεν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́γε | φῠγέτω | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτων | φῠ́γετε | φῠγόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠγεῖν | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠγών | |||||||||||
| f | φῠγοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | φῠγόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῠ́γον | φῠ́γες | φῠ́γε(ν) | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτην | φῠ́γομεν | φῠ́γετε | φῠ́γον | ||||
| subjunctive | φῠ́γω, φῠ́γωμῐ |
φῠ́γῃς, φῠ́γῃσθᾰ |
φῠ́γῃ, φῠ́γῃσῐ |
φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γωμεν | φῠ́γητε | φῠ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | φῠ́γοιμῐ | φῠ́γοις/φῠ́γοισθᾰ | φῠ́γοι | φῠγεῖτον | φῠγείτην | φῠγεῖμεν | φῠγεῖτε | φῠγεῖεν | |||||
| imperative | φῠ́γε | φῠγέτω | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτων | φῠ́γετε | φῠγόντων | |||||||
| active | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | φῠγέειν/φῠγεῖν/φῠγέμεν(αι) | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | φῠγών | |||||||||||
| f | φῠγοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
| n | φῠγόν | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | φῠ́γεσκον | φῠ́γεσκες | φῠ́γεσκε(ν) | φῠγέσκετον | φῠγεσκέτην | φῠγέσκομεν | φῠγέσκετε | φῠ́γεσκον | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Perfect: πέφευγᾰ, πέφῠγμαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | πέφευγᾰ | πέφευγᾰς | πέφευγε(ν) | πεφεύγᾰτον | πεφεύγᾰτον | πεφεύγᾰμεν | πεφεύγᾰτε | πεφεύγᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | πεφεύγω | πεφεύγῃς | πεφεύγῃ | πεφεύγητον | πεφεύγητον | πεφεύγωμεν | πεφεύγητε | πεφεύγωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πεφεύγοιμῐ, πεφευγοίην |
πεφεύγοις, πεφευγοίης |
πεφεύγοι, πεφευγοίη |
πεφεύγοιτον | πεφευγοίτην | πεφεύγοιμεν | πεφεύγοιτε | πεφεύγοιεν | |||||
| imperative | πέφευγε | πεφευγέτω | πεφεύγετον | πεφευγέτων | πεφεύγετε | πεφευγόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | πέφῠγμαι | πέφῠξαι | πέφῠκται | πέφῠχθον | πέφῠχθον | πεφῠ́γμεθᾰ | πέφῠχθε | πεφῠ́γᾰται | ||||
| subjunctive | πεφῠγμένος ὦ | πεφῠγμένος ᾖς | πεφῠγμένος ᾖ | πεφῠγμένω ἦτον | πεφῠγμένω ἦτον | πεφῠγμένοι ὦμεν | πεφῠγμένοι ἦτε | πεφῠγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | πεφῠγμένος εἴην | πεφῠγμένος εἴης | πεφῠγμένος εἴη | πεφῠγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | πεφῠγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | πεφῠγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | πεφῠγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | πεφῠγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
| imperative | πέφῠξο | πεφῠ́χθω | πέφῠχθον | πεφῠ́χθων | πέφῠχθε | πεφῠ́χθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | πεφευγέναι | πεφῠ́χθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | πεφευγώς, πεφυζώς |
πεφῠγμένος | ||||||||||
| f | πεφευγυῖᾰ | πεφῠγμένη | |||||||||||
| n | πεφευγός | πεφῠγμένον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. | ||||||||||||
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “to flee, be accused”): διώκω (diṓkō, “to pursue, accuse”)
Derived terms
- with prepositional prefixes
- ἀναφεύγω (anapheúgō)
- ἀποφεύγω (apopheúgō)
- διαφεύγω (diapheúgō)
- διεκφεύγω (diekpheúgō)
- ἐκφεύγω (ekpheúgō)
- καταφεύγω (katapheúgō)
- περιφεύγω (peripheúgō)
- προφεύγω (propheúgō)
- προκαταφεύγω (prokatapheúgō)
- προσφεύγω (prospheúgō)
- συμφεύγω (sumpheúgō)
- ὑπεκφεύγω (hupekpheúgō)
- ὑπεκπροφεύγω (hupekpropheúgō)
- ὑποφεύγω (hupopheúgō)
- suffixed
Related terms
Descendants
- Mariupol Greek: фегну (fjehnu)
References
“φεύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φεύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φεύγω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φεύγω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- φεύγω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φεύγω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5343 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek φεύγω (pheúgō, “flee”) (the sense "leave" since mediaeval times. From Proto-Hellenic *pʰéugō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg-. Has been displaced by δραπετεύω (drapetévo) in the Ancient Greek sense of "to flee".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈfe.vɣo/
- Hyphenation: φεύ‧γω
Verb
Conjugation
φεύγω (active forms only)
| Active voice ➤ | ||||
| Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
| Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | φεύγω | φύγω | ||
| 2 sg | φεύγεις | φύγεις | ||
| 3 sg | φεύγει | φύγει | ||
| 1 pl | φεύγουμε, [‑ομε] | φύγουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
| 2 pl | φεύγετε | φύγετε | ||
| 3 pl | φεύγουν(ε) | φύγουν(ε) | ||
| Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | έφευγα | έφυγα | ||
| 2 sg | έφευγες | έφυγες | ||
| 3 sg | έφευγε | έφυγε | ||
| 1 pl | φεύγαμε | φύγαμε | ||
| 2 pl | φεύγατε | φύγατε | ||
| 3 pl | έφευγαν, φεύγαν(ε) | έφυγαν, φύγαν(ε) | ||
| Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
| 1 sg | θα φεύγω ➤ | θα φύγω ➤ | ||
| 2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φεύγεις, … | θα φύγεις, … | ||
| Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
| Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φύγει | |||
| Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φύγει | |||
| Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φύγει | |||
| Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
| Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
| 2 sg | φεύγε | φύγε, φεύγα | ||
| 2 pl | φεύγετε | φύγετε, φευγάτε1 | ||
| Other forms | ||||
| Active present participle ➤ | φεύγοντας ➤ | |||
| Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας φύγει ➤ | |||
| Passive perfect participle ➤ | — | |||
| Nonfinite form ➤ | φύγει | |||
| Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
- αναχωρώ (anachoró)
Derived terms
- όπου φύγει φύγει (ópou fýgei fýgei)
Related terms
Compounds
Stems φευγ- φυγ- φευκ-
- αναπόφευκτος (anapófefktos, “unavoidable”)
- αφεύγατος (afévgatos, “unavoidable”) (literary)
- άφευκτος (áfefktos)
- καταφύγιο n (katafýgio, “shelter”) and see καταφεύγω (katafévgo)
- κεντρόφυγος (kentrófygos)
- κρησφύγετο n (krisfýgeto)
- πρόσφυγας m (prósfygas, “refugee”) and see προσφεύγω (prosfévgo)
- φεύγα n (févga, “a backgammon game”)
- φευγάλα f (fevgála)
- φευγαλέος (fevgaléos)
- φευγατίζω (fevgatízo)
- φευγάτος (fevgátos, “gone; ready to go; inattentive”)
- φευγιό n (fevgió)
- φοροφυγάς m (forofygás)
- φυγάδευση f (fygádefsi)
- φυγαδεύω (fygadévo)
- φυγάς m (fygás, “fugitive”)
- φυγή f (fygí, “escape, flight”) & compounds
- φυγο- (fygo-) compounds
Further reading
- φεύγω - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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