< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yẹlim

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yẹlim

  1. glue

Declension
Declension of *yẹlim
Singular 3)
Nominative *yẹlim
Accusative *yẹlimni, *yẹlimig 4), *yẹlimnig 1)
Genitive *yẹlimniŋ
Dative *yẹlimke
Locative *yẹlimde
Ablative *yẹlimden
Allative *yẹlimgerü
Instrumental 2) *yẹlimin
Equative 2) *yẹlimče
Similative 2) *yẹlimleyü
Comitative 2) *yẹlimligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: ҫилӗм (śilĕm)
  • Common Turkic:
    • Proto-Oghuz: *yẹlim
      • East Oghuz:
        • Turkmen: ýelim
        • Salar: yilem
    • Karluk:
      • Chagatai: [script needed] (yelim)
        • Uyghur: يېلىم (yëlim)
        • Uzbek: yelim
          • → Tajik: елим (yelim)
    • Kipchak:
      • North Kipchak:
        • Bashkir: елем (yelem)
        • Tatar: җилем (cilem)
      • West Kipchak:
        • Karachay-Balkar: джелим (celim)
      • South Kipchak:
        • Karakalpak: jelim
        • Kazakh: желім (jelım)
        • Nogai: елим (yelim)
      • East Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: желим (jelim)
        • Southern Altai: јелим (ǰelim)
    • Siberian:
      • Old Uyghur: yylym (yelim)
      • Northern Altai: челим (čelim)
      • North Siberian:
        • Dolgan: һилим (hilim)
        • Yakut: силим (silim)
      • South Siberian:

References
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pages 928-929
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 196
  • Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 179-180
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*yẹlim”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21)‎ (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 189
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