< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьrpъkъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to tremble, to quiver”) + *-ъkъ, cognate with Lithuanian tirpùs (“soluble, fusible”). Martynov tentively considers a reanalysis of an earlier *kьrpъkъ in order to match it with Lithuanian kir̃pti (“to trim, to cut”).
Declension
Indefinite declension of *tьrpъkъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tьrpъkъ | *tьrpъka | *tьrpъko |
| genitive | *tьrpъka | *tьrpъky | *tьrpъka |
| dative | *tьrpъku | *tьrpъkě | *tьrpъku |
| accusative | *tьrpъkъ | *tьrpъkǫ | *tьrpъko |
| instrumental | *tьrpъkomь | *tьrpъkojǫ | *tьrpъkomь |
| locative | *tьrpъkě | *tьrpъkě | *tьrpъkě |
| vocative | *tьrpъke | *tьrpъko | *tьrpъko |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tьrpъka | *tьrpъkě | *tьrpъkě |
| genitive | *tьrpъku | *tьrpъku | *tьrpъku |
| dative | *tьrpъkoma | *tьrpъkama | *tьrpъkoma |
| accusative | *tьrpъka | *tьrpъkě | *tьrpъkě |
| instrumental | *tьrpъkoma | *tьrpъkama | *tьrpъkoma |
| locative | *tьrpъku | *tьrpъku | *tьrpъku |
| vocative | *tьrpъka | *tьrpъkě | *tьrpъkě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tьrpъki | *tьrpъky | *tьrpъka |
| genitive | *tьrpъkъ | *tьrpъkъ | *tьrpъkъ |
| dative | *tьrpъkomъ | *tьrpъkamъ | *tьrpъkomъ |
| accusative | *tьrpъky | *tьrpъky | *tьrpъka |
| instrumental | *tьrpъky | *tьrpъkami | *tьrpъky |
| locative | *tьrpъkěxъ | *tьrpъkaxъ | *tьrpъkěxъ |
| vocative | *tьrpъki | *tьrpъky | *tьrpъka |
Definite declension of *tьrpъkъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *tьrpъkъjь | *tьrpъkaja | *tьrpъkoje |
| genitive | *tьrpъkajego | *tьrpъkyję̇ | *tьrpъkajego |
| dative | *tьrpъkujemu | *tьrpъkěji | *tьrpъkujemu |
| accusative | *tьrpъkъjь | *tьrpъkǫjǫ | *tьrpъkoje |
| instrumental | *tьrpъkyjimь | *tьrpъkǫjǫ | *tьrpъkyjimь |
| locative | *tьrpъkějemь | *tьrpъkěji | *tьrpъkějemь |
| vocative | *tьrpъkъjь | *tьrpъkaja | *tьrpъkoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tьrpъkaja | *tьrpъkěji | *tьrpъkěji |
| genitive | *tьrpъkuju | *tьrpъkuju | *tьrpъkuju |
| dative | *tьrpъkyjima | *tьrpъkyjima | *tьrpъkyjima |
| accusative | *tьrpъkaja | *tьrpъkěji | *tьrpъkěji |
| instrumental | *tьrpъkyjima | *tьrpъkyjima | *tьrpъkyjima |
| locative | *tьrpъkuju | *tьrpъkuju | *tьrpъkuju |
| vocative | *tьrpъkaja | *tьrpъkěji | *tьrpъkěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *tьrpъkiji | *tьrpъkyję̇ | *tьrpъkaja |
| genitive | *tьrpъkъjixъ | *tьrpъkъjixъ | *tьrpъkъjixъ |
| dative | *tьrpъkyjimъ | *tьrpъkyjimъ | *tьrpъkyjimъ |
| accusative | *tьrpъkyję̇ | *tьrpъkyję̇ | *tьrpъkaja |
| instrumental | *tьrpъkyjimi | *tьrpъkyjimi | *tьrpъkyjimi |
| locative | *tьrpъkyjixъ | *tьrpъkyjixъ | *tьrpъkyjixъ |
| vocative | *tьrpъkiji | *tьrpъkyję̇ | *tьrpъkaja |
Derived terms
- *tьrpъkostь (“tanginess”)
- *tьrpъčivъ, *tьrpъkavъ (“pungent”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “те́рпкий”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- “kirpti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “trpek”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tь̑rpъkъ”
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