< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/golěmъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Perhaps a relic present passive participle of Proto-Balto-Slavic *galḗˀtei (“to have capacity”) + *-ěmъ, cognate with Lithuanian galė́ti (“to be able”) (present participle galėjimas). Further akin to Lithuanian galià (“power, might”), gãlimas (“mighty”), possibly Gaulish gallus (“Gaul”).
Adjective
*golěmъ[1]
Declension
Indefinite declension of *golěmъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *golěmъ | *golěma | *golěmo |
| genitive | *golěma | *golěmy | *golěma |
| dative | *golěmu | *golěmě | *golěmu |
| accusative | *golěmъ | *golěmǫ | *golěmo |
| instrumental | *golěmomь | *golěmojǫ | *golěmomь |
| locative | *golěmě | *golěmě | *golěmě |
| vocative | *golěme | *golěmo | *golěmo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golěma | *golěmě | *golěmě |
| genitive | *golěmu | *golěmu | *golěmu |
| dative | *golěmoma | *golěmama | *golěmoma |
| accusative | *golěma | *golěmě | *golěmě |
| instrumental | *golěmoma | *golěmama | *golěmoma |
| locative | *golěmu | *golěmu | *golěmu |
| vocative | *golěma | *golěmě | *golěmě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golěmi | *golěmy | *golěma |
| genitive | *golěmъ | *golěmъ | *golěmъ |
| dative | *golěmomъ | *golěmamъ | *golěmomъ |
| accusative | *golěmy | *golěmy | *golěma |
| instrumental | *golěmy | *golěmami | *golěmy |
| locative | *golěměxъ | *golěmaxъ | *golěměxъ |
| vocative | *golěmi | *golěmy | *golěma |
Definite declension of *golěmъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *golěmъjь | *golěmaja | *golěmoje |
| genitive | *golěmajego | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmajego |
| dative | *golěmujemu | *golěměji | *golěmujemu |
| accusative | *golěmъjь | *golěmǫjǫ | *golěmoje |
| instrumental | *golěmyjimь | *golěmǫjǫ | *golěmyjimь |
| locative | *golěmějemь | *golěměji | *golěmějemь |
| vocative | *golěmъjь | *golěmaja | *golěmoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golěmaja | *golěměji | *golěměji |
| genitive | *golěmuju | *golěmuju | *golěmuju |
| dative | *golěmyjima | *golěmyjima | *golěmyjima |
| accusative | *golěmaja | *golěměji | *golěměji |
| instrumental | *golěmyjima | *golěmyjima | *golěmyjima |
| locative | *golěmuju | *golěmuju | *golěmuju |
| vocative | *golěmaja | *golěměji | *golěměji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *golěmiji | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmaja |
| genitive | *golěmъjixъ | *golěmъjixъ | *golěmъjixъ |
| dative | *golěmyjimъ | *golěmyjimъ | *golěmyjimъ |
| accusative | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmaja |
| instrumental | *golěmyjimi | *golěmyjimi | *golěmyjimi |
| locative | *golěmyjixъ | *golěmyjixъ | *golěmyjixъ |
| vocative | *golěmiji | *golěmyję̇ | *golěmaja |
Derived terms
- *golěměti (“to be large”), *golěmiti (“to enlarge, to magnify”)
- *golěmina (“size, magnitude”)
- *golěmьcь, *golěmanъ (“powerful person”)
Related terms
- *golmę (“mickle”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: голѣмꙑи (golěmyi)
- Russian: голя́мый (goljámyj)
- Old East Slavic: голѣмꙑи (golěmyi)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: holemý
- Polish: golemy
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*golěmъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 202
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “голям”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 262
- “galė́ti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*golěmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 174
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