Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéy

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Pronoun

*wéy

we (more than two)

Inflection

Andrew Sihler's reconstruction
nominative	*we-i
accusative	n̥smé ~ nō̆s
genitive	n̥sóm ~ nō̆s
ablative	*n̥sm-ét
dative	n̥sm-éy ~ nō̆s
Oblique pl. n̥s- possibly continues earlier m̥s- (same element of sg. oblique stem with pl. s). This n was made common to the whole paradigm, with even enclitic nos for mos, but the verb endings -me(dʰh₂), *-mos(dʰh₂) were not disturbed.[1]

Donald Ringe's reconstruction
nominative	*wéy
accusative	n̥smé ~ nos
genitive	? ~ *nos
dative	? ~ *nos

Alwin Kloekhorst's reconstruction
Proto-Nuclear-Indo-European
nominative	*wey
accusative	n̥s ~ nōs (?)
genitive	?
dative	?
oblique	n̥s- ~ nos
Outer-Anatolian IE
nominative	*wey
oblique	*n̥s-
enclitic	*nos
Proto-Indo-European
nominative	?
accusative	?
oblique	?

Robert Beekes' reconstruction
nominative	*wey
accusative	n̥smé ~ nōs
genitive	n̥s(er)o- ~ nos
ablative	*n̥smed
dative	n̥smey ~ n̥s
locative	*n̥smi
instrumental	?
poss. adj.	*n̥sós

Frederik Kortlandt's reconstruction
nominative	*we-
accusative	*n̥sme
genitive	*nos
ablative	*n̥smed
dative	*n̥smey
locative	*n̥smi
poss. adj.	*n̥sos

Michiel de Vaan's reconstruction
nominative	*wey(s)
accusative	*nōs
genitive-locative	nos/nes
ablative	?
dative	?
poss. adj.	*ns-tero-s?

Derived terms

*méy (Contamination with the first person plural verbal suffix and/or the 1st person singular object pronoun)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latgalian: mes
  - Latvian: mēs
  - Lithuanian: mẽs
  - Old Prussian: mes
  - Proto-Slavic: *my (see there for further descendants)
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: մեք (mekʻ)
    - Armenian: մենք (menkʻ)
- Iranian:
  - Kurdish:
    - Central Kurdish: ئێمە (ēma)
    - Northern Kurdish: em, me (oblique)
    - Southern Kurdish: ئیمە (īma)
  - Old Persian: 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎧𐎶 (amāxam)
    - Middle Persian: pal (amāh, amā), 𐭫𐭭𐭤 (lnh)
      - Persian: ما (mā)
  - Zazaki: ma
*nōsyos
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *nōsjas
  - Proto-Slavic: *našь
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *wet, *wit (see there for further descendants)
- Lithuanian: vedu
- Proto-Slavic: *vě (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian: *wéyes (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *wīz (< *wéy-s) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wayám (< *weyóm) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tocharian: *wes
- Tocharian A: was
- Tocharian B: wes

References

Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 374