< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction notes
Traditionally reconstructed with leading *h₁, but several Greek and Sanskrit compounds, if the analysis is correct, rule this out, for example Ancient Greek ἀκαρός (akarós), a variant of ἔγκαρος (énkaros, “brain”),[5] or Sanskrit हेमन् (héman, “in winter”) < *ǵʰeym én.[6][7]
Derived terms
- *h₁en-dró-s (“egg, scrotum”)[8][9]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- >? Proto-Slavic: *ędro (“kernel”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hāndrás (unexpected -ā-?)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *h₁én-i (< h₁én + *-i (locative suffix))
- *h₁éni-h₃kʷ-o- (< *h₁éni + *h₃ekʷ- (“eye”))[14][5][15][16]
- *h₁én-s[2]
- *h₁en-tér (“between”)
- *h₁én-ter-o-s (“inner, located inside”)
- *h₁en-tó-s (“(from) inside”)
- *h₁en-tr-o-m[25]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *intró (“liver”)
- Old Prussian: instran (“fat”)
- Proto-Slavic: *ę̄trò (“liver”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hántram
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *intró (“liver”)
- *h₁n̥-dʰér(i) (“under, below”)
- *h₁n̥-dʰí (“under, below”)
- *h₁n̥-dó (“inside”)
- >? *h₁ner-ó-s (“inner, under”)[26] (< loc.sg. *h₁nér(i))
- *h₁n-í (“down”) (< "inside")[5]
- >? *h₁n̥-ḱr̥h₂-ó-s[29][30] (or *n̥-ḱr̥h₂-o-s[7][5])
- Ancient Greek: ἔγκαρος (énkaros), ἴγκρος (ínkros), ἀκαρός (akarós, “brain”)
- *h₁ón-tro-m
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *antra
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hā́ntram
Descendants
References
- Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 59: “*h₁en-”
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*h₁en(i)”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 290
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 247: “*h₁en”
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 71: “PIE *en”
- Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 221-236
- Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 165
- Nussbaum, Alan J. (1986) Head and Horn in Indo-European (Untersuchungen zur indogermanischen Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft. NF / Studies in Indo-European Language and Culture. New Series; 2), Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, , →ISBN, page 189
- Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “h₁endrós”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 507-508
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ę̄drò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 157
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “*āṇḍá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 162
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “āṇḍá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 84
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἔν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 419
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “ek*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 78: “*h₁en-h₃kʷ-o-”
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “in”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*enekʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 115
- Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 261
- Ziegler, Sabine (1994) Alfred Bammesberger and Günter Neumann, editors, Die Sprache der altirischen Ogam-Inschriften [The language of the Old Irish Ogham inscriptions] (Historische Sprachforschung; Ergänzungsheft 36) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 103
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐνῑπή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*h₃ekʷ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 370
- Frisk, Hjalmar (1960) “ἐνῶπα”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 526-27
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐνῶπα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εἰς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐντός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ę̄trò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 158
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. en”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 312
Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. ner-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 765 - Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nurþera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*niþera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀκαρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 49-50
- Václav Blažek (2019) “Agamemnon”, in Georgios K. Giannakis, Christoforos Charalambakis, Franco Montanari and Antonios Rengakos, editors, Studies in Greek Lexicography (Trends in Classics – Supplementary Volumes; 72), De Gruyter, , →ISBN, §3.1.1, page 123: “ἄκαρος ‘brain’ [Etymologicum Magnum 45.13] <*H₁n̥-k̂r̥H₂o- vs. ἔγκαρος ‘brain’ [Lycophron {320–280 BCE}, Alexandra 1104; Alcaeus Messenius {197 BCE}] <*H₁en-k̂r̥H₂o-”
- Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 387
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 166-67
- Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 196–197
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “e(n)-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 87-88: “PIE *h₁en”
Further reading
- Blažek, Václav (2001) “Indo-European prepositions and related words. Internal analysis and external comparison. For Professor Adolf Erhart to his 75th birthday.”, in Sborník prací Filosofické fakulty brněnské univerzity , volume 50, number A49, *en, *n̥-, *eni, *ni- = H₁en = H₁en(i), page 21
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