-kki

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-kkëi, cognate with Estonian -k(i), Erzya -ке (-ke). Equivalent to -kka +‎ -i, and originally allomorphic with some uses of -kko (see -o).

Suffix

-kki

  1. Creates action nouns from verbs.
    ‎levitä (“to spread”) + ‎-kki → ‎levikki (“circulation of a newspaper”)
    ‎mennä (kaupaksi) (“to sell”) + ‎-kki → ‎menekki (“sales, demand”)
    ‎hävitä (“to disappear. lose”) + ‎-kki → ‎hävikki (“loss (accounting)”)
  2. Creates diminutive nouns from verb that indicate the object of an action.
    ‎ajaa (“to drive”) + ‎-kki → ‎ajokki (“vehicle”)
    ‎hoitaa (“to care”) + ‎-kki → ‎hoidokki (“patient”)
    ‎lempiä (“to love”) + ‎-kki → ‎lemmikki (“pet”)
  3. Creates nouns that indicate similarity, allegory or diminutiveness. The relationship is sometimes obscure.
    ‎valo (“light”) + ‎-kki → ‎valokki
    ‎hanhi (“goose”) + ‎-kki → ‎hanhikki
    ‎punainen (“red”) + ‎-kki → ‎punikki (“socialist (derogatory)”)
    ‎seitti (“gossamer, fine thread”) + ‎-kki → ‎seitikki (“webcap”)
    ‎tyrä + ‎-kki → ‎tyräkki
  4. Creates female given names, especially for cows.
    ‎ainoa (“only”) + ‎-kki → ‎Ainokki
    ‎mieliä (“to desire”) + ‎-kki → ‎Mielikki
    ‎musta (“black”) + ‎-kki → ‎Mustikki
    ‎sarvi (“horn”) + ‎-kki → ‎Sarvikki
    ‎tuuli (“wind”) + ‎-kki → ‎Tuulikki

Usage notes

In some cases the usage is largely synonymous with -kko. As an example, the noun asukki (“inhabitant, often unwanted or temporary one”) from the verb asua (“to live in”) might as well be asukko.

Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -kki

Ingrian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-kkëi. Cognates include Finnish -kki and Estonian -k.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-kki

  1. Used to form nouns from verbs denoting an object of the action.
    ‎söövvä (“eat”) + ‎-kki → ‎söökki (“nutrition”)
  2. Used to form given names, especially for cows.

Declension
Declension of -kki (type 5/vahti, kk-k gradation)
singular plural
nominative -kki -kit
genitive -kin -kkiin, -kkilöin
partitive -kkiä -kkijä, -kkilöjä
illative -kkii -kkii, -kkilöihe
inessive -kis -kkiis, -kkilöis
elative -kist -kkiist, -kkilöist
allative -kille -kkiille, -kkilöille
adessive -kil -kkiil, -kkilöil
ablative -kilt -kkiilt, -kkilöilt
translative -kiks -kkiiks, -kkilöiks
essive -kkinnä, -kkiin -kkiinnä, -kkilöinnä, -kkiin, -kkilöin
exessive1) -kkint -kkiint, -kkilöint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Derived terms
Ingrian terms suffixed with -kki

Sidamo

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /-kːi/

Determiner

-kki

  1. thy, your

See also
Sidamo possessive clitics
1st person 2nd person 3rd person m 3rd person f
Singular -ʼya -kki -si -se
Plural -nke -ʼne -nsa

References
  • Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 383
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