認識
See also: 认识
Chinese
    
| to recognize; to know; to admit | to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge  | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (認識) | 認 | 識 | |
| simp. (认识) | 认 | 识 | |
| anagram | 識認/识认 | ||
Pronunciation
    
Verb
    
認識 (transitive)
Usage notes
    
The sense "to be aware of; to appreciate" is often followed by the verb 到 (dào).
Synonyms
    
- (to know somebody):
 
Dialectal synonyms of 認識 (“to know (somebody)”) [map]
- 了解 (liǎojiě)
 - 佔有/占有 (zhànyǒu)
 - 分曉/分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
 - 參悟/参悟 (cānwù)
 - 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
 - 懂 (dǒng)
 - 懂得 (dǒngde)
 - 打生 (Wenzhounese)
 - 把握 (bǎwò)
 - 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
 - 明 (ming4) (Cantonese)
 - 明白
 - 明瞭/明了 (míngliǎo)
 - 曉得/晓得 (xiǎode)
 - 會悟/会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
 - 洞悉 (dòngxī)
 - 清亮 (mainland China)
 - 清楚
 - 熟似 (Hokkien)
 - 熟悉 (shúxī)
 - 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
 - 熟識/熟识 (shúshí)
 - 理會/理会 (lǐhuì)
 - 理解 (lǐjiě)
 - 瞭悟/了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
 - 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
 - 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
 - 知曉/知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
 - 知識/知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
 - 知道
 - 覺/觉
 - 覺悟/觉悟 (juéwù)
 - 覺醒/觉醒 (juéxǐng)
 - 諳曉/谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
 - 諳達/谙达 (āndá) (literary)
 - 貫通/贯通 (guàntōng)
 - 通曉/通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
 - 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
 - 通達/通达 (tōngdá)
 - 達/达 (literary, or in compounds)
 - 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
 - 開悟/开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
 - 領悟/领悟 (lǐngwù)
 - 領會/领会 (lǐnghuì)
 - 領略/领略 (lǐnglüè)
 
Synonyms
    
Japanese
    
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 認 | 識 | 
| にん Grade: 6  | 
しき Grade: 5  | 
| on’yomi | |
Etymology
    
From Old Japanese compound 認識/认识 (nyinH syik, literally “know, recognize; know, remember”). Compare modern Mandarin rènshi, Eastern Min nêng-sék.
Noun
    
認識 • (ninshiki)
- recognition, awareness
 - understanding
 - (computing) recognition
- 音声認識
- onsei ninshiki
 - speech recognition
 
 
 - 音声認識
 
Derived terms
    
- 再認識 (saininshiki)
 - 認識票 (ninshikihyō, “dog tag”)
 - 認識論 (ninshikiron, “epistemology”)
 
Verb
    
認識する • (ninshiki suru) transitive suru (stem 認識し (ninshiki shi), past 認識した (ninshiki shita))
- to recognize something, to be aware of something
 - to understand something
 - (computing) to recognize something
 
Conjugation
    
Conjugation of "認識する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 認識し | にんしきし | ninshiki shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 認識し | にんしきし | ninshiki shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 認識する | にんしきする | ninshiki suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 認識する | にんしきする | ninshiki suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 認識すれ | にんしきすれ | ninshiki sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 認識せよ¹ 認識しろ²  | 
にんしきせよ¹ にんしきしろ²  | 
ninshiki seyo¹ ninshiki shiro²  | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 認識される | にんしきされる | ninshiki sareru | |
| Causative | 認識させる 認識さす  | 
にんしきさせる にんしきさす  | 
ninshiki saseru ninshiki sasu  | |
| Potential | 認識できる | にんしきできる | ninshiki dekiru | |
| Volitional | 認識しよう | にんしきしよう | ninshiki shiyō | |
| Negative | 認識しない | にんしきしない | ninshiki shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 認識せず | にんしきせず | ninshiki sezu | |
| Formal | 認識します | にんしきします | ninshiki shimasu | |
| Perfective | 認識した | にんしきした | ninshiki shita | |
| Conjunctive | 認識して | にんしきして | ninshiki shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 認識すれば | にんしきすれば | ninshiki sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative  | ||||
References
    
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
 - NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
 
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
 
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