炭

See also: 灰
炭 U+70AD, 炭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70AD
← 炬
[U+70AC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 炮 →
[U+70AE]

炭 U+2F91A, 炭
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91A
← 灷
[U+2F919] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𠔥 →
[U+2F91B]

Translingual

Han character

炭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山大火 (UKF) or 山一火 (UMF), four-corner 22289, composition ⿱山⿸厂火(HJKTV) or ⿱山灰(G))

Derived characters

References

Chinese
trad. 炭
simp. # 炭

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (炭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
炭 *tŋ̊ʰaːns
湠 *tʰaːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰaːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + abbreviated phonetic 岸 (OC *ŋɡaːns).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tal (“charcoal; dust; ashes”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐལ་བ (thal ba, “ashes; dust; dirt”).

Derivative: 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).

(ACG slang) -tan
Borrowed from Japanese たん (tan). Also from the manga Binchō-tan, which features -tan suffix characters that are anthropomorphic representations of charcoal.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • thàn - literary;
  • thòaⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 炭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他旦切
Baxter thanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /tʰɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /tʰɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /tʰɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tʰanH/
Li
Rong		 /tʰɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /tʰɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tʰɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 tàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 taan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 炭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 tàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ thanH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[tʰ]ˁa[n]-s/
English charcoal, coal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 炭
Reading # 1/1
No. 12356
Phonetic
component		 炭
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 炭
Old
Chinese		 /*tŋ̊ʰaːns/

Definitions

炭

  1. charcoal
    炭火  ―  tànhuǒ  ―  charcoal fire
  2. charcoal-like substance
  3. charcoal fire; hot charcoal
  4. (dialectal) coal
    肥炭 [Jin]  ―  xi1 tan3 [Wiktionary]  ―  bituminous coal
    笨炭 [Jin]  ―  beng3 tan3 [Wiktionary]  ―  anthracite
  5. Alternative form of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”)
  6. (ACG, Internet slang) -tan

Synonyms
  • (charcoal):
Dialectal synonyms of 炭 (“charcoal”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 炭
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 炭, 木炭
Mandarin Beijing 炭
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 炭
Harbin 炭, 木炭
Yantai (Muping) 炭, 木炭
Jinan 木炭
Luoyang 木炭
Wanrong 木炭
Xi'an 木炭
Dingbian 木炭
Xining 木炭
Ürümqi 木炭
Wuhan 板炭, 鋼炭
Chengdu 炭
Guiyang 木炭
Liuzhou 火炭
Nanning (Fujian) 炭, 京炭
Nanning (Wuming) 木炭, 炭, 火炭
Binyang (Nanjie) 木炭
Yizhou 炭
Luocheng (Dongmen) 炭, 木炭, 火炭
Tianlin (Langping) 火炭
Yongzhou 木炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 木炭
Xuzhou 木炭
Yangzhou 炭
Nanjing 木炭
Hefei 炭
Singapore 炭
Dagudi (Maliba) 火炭
Reshuitang (Longling) 火炭
Mae Salong (Lancang) 火炭
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 火炭
Cantonese Guangzhou 炭
Hong Kong 炭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 炭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 炭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 炭
Taishan (Guanghai) 炭
Yangjiang 炭
Wuzhou 炭, 堅炭
Baise 炭
Qinzhou 炭, 木炭
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 炭
Beihai 木炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 木炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 木炭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 木炭
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 炭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 炭
Móng Cái 木炭
Mandalay (Taishan) 炭, 木炭
Gan Nanchang 木炭
Pengze 炭
Lichuan 炭
Pingxiang 木炭
Hakka Meixian 響灰, 木炭, 炭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 火炭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 火炭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 火炭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 火炭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 火炭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 火炭
Hong Kong 火炭
Huizhou Jixi 炭
Jin Taiyuan 木炭
Xinzhou 木炭
Liangcheng 炭
Northern Min Jian'ou 炭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 炭
Southern Min Xiamen 炭, 火炭, 柴炭
Quanzhou 火炭
Zhangzhou 火炭, 柴炭
Guilin (Biyange) 炭
Chaozhou 火炭
Shantou 火炭
Jieyang 火炭
Pontianak (Teochew) 火炭
Leizhou 火炭
Haikou 炭
Puxian Min Xianyou 炭, 烏炭
Central Min Yanping (Wangtai) 炭
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 火炭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 炭, 木炭, 柴炭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 木炭
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 黑炭
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 炭
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 炭
Luxi (Lijiatian) 炭
Chengbu (Xuntou) 黑炭
Wu Shanghai 火炭
Suzhou 炭
Danyang 炭, 木炭
Hangzhou 炭
Ningbo 炭, 木炭
Wenzhou 炭
Jinhua 炭
Yiwu 炭
Xiang Changsha 炭, 白炭
Shuangfeng 白炭, 木炭
Hengshan 炭, 木炭
  • (charcoal fire): 炭火 (tànhuǒ)
  • (coal):
Dialectal synonyms of 煤 (“coal”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 煤, 烏金
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 煤, 煤炭
Mandarin Beijing 煤
Taiwan 煤
Tianjin 煤
Chengde 煤
Tangshan 煤
Cangzhou 煤
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 煤
Baoding 煤
Shijiazhuang 煤, 炭 fuel
Chifeng 煤
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 煤
Heihe 煤
Qiqihar 煤, 炭 mined
Harbin 煤
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 煤
Jiamusi 煤
Baicheng 煤
Changchun 煤
Tonghua 煤, 炭 mined
Shenyang 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Dandong 煤
Jinzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined
Dalian 煤
Yantai 煤
Qingdao 煤
Lijin 煤
Zhucheng 煤, 炭 mined
Jinan 煤, 炭
Jining 煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel
Wanrong 炭
Shangqiu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yuanyang 煤, 炭 mined
Zhengzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Lingbao 煤
Xinyang 煤, 炭 mined
Ankang 煤, 煤炭
Ankang (Xianhe) 煤, 煤炭
Baihe 煤, 炭 mined
Baihe (Maoping) 煤炭
Shiquan 煤炭
Ziyang 煤炭
Hanzhong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Xi'an 煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined
Dingbian 炭
Baoji 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yinchuan 煤, 炭 mined
Tianshui 煤, 石炭 mined
Lanzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Dunhuang 煤, 砟子 fuel
Xining 煤, 石煤 mined
Hami 煤
Ürümqi 煤
Wuhan 煤, 炭 mined
Yichang 煤
Xiangyang 煤, 煤炭 mined
Tianmen 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Hong'an 煤, 煤炭, 炭
Chengdu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Nanchong 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Dazhou 煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Hanyuan 炭, 煤 fuel
Xichang 煤, 炭 mined
Zigong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Chongqing 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Guiyang 煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined
Bijie 煤炭, 煤 fuel
Liping 煤
Zhaotong 炭
Dali 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel
Kunming 煤, 煤炭 mined
Mengzi 煤 mined, 炭 fuel
Guilin 煤, 煤炭 mined
Pingle 煤
Liuzhou 煤
Luzhai 煤
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 煤
Nanning (Fujian) 煤
Nanning (Wuming) 煤
Binyang (Nanjie) 煤
Yizhou 煤
Luocheng (Dongmen) 煤, 煤炭
Tianlin (Langping) 煤
Jishou 煤
Changde 煤, 炭 mined
Yongzhou 煤炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 煤
Anqing 煤
Xuzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Fuyang 煤
Wuhu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yangzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Lianyungang 煤, 炭 mined
Lianshui 煤
Nanjing 煤
Hefei 煤, 煤炭 mined
Nantong 煤, 炭 mined
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 煤, 煤炭
Dagudi (Maliba) 煤
Reshuitang (Longling) 煤
Mae Salong (Lancang) 煤
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 煤
Cantonese Guangzhou 煤
Hong Kong 煤
Taishan (Guanghai) 煤
Yangjiang 煤
Wuzhou 煤
Baise 煤
Qinzhou 煤
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 煤
Beihai 煤
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 煤炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 煤
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 煤炭
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 煤
Pingle (Majia) 煤
Pingle (Shuishan) 煤
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 煤
Móng Cái 煤炭
Mandalay (Taishan) 煤
Gan Nanchang 煤炭
Pengze 煤
Hakka Meixian 煤, 石炭
Bobai (Lingping) 煤
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 煤
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 煤
Pingle (Tong'an) 煤
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 煤
Huizhou Shexian 煤
Jin Taiyuan 煤 soot, 炭 piece
Pingyao 炭
Yangyuan 煤, 炭 mined
Datong 炭
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 炭
Xinzhou 炭
Lishi 煤, 炭 mined
Linfen 煤, 炭 mined
Changzhi 煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined
Linhe 炭
Jining 炭
Liangcheng 煤
Hohhot 煤, 炭 mined
Erenhot 煤 mined, 炭
Pingshan 煤, 炭 mined
Zhangjiakou 煤, 煤炭 mined
Handan 煤, 炭 mined
Linzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Suide 炭, 石炭 mined
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 煤
Jinhua 煤
Lanxi 煤
Tunxi 煤
Northern Min Jian'ou 煤, 煤炭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 煤
Fuqing 煤
Gutian 煤
Pingnan 煤
Fu'an 煤
Shouning 煤
Southern Min Xiamen 塗炭, 煤
Guilin (Biyange) 煤
Chaozhou 塗炭, 煤
Shantou 煤
Jieyang 煤
Pontianak (Teochew) 煤
Puxian Min Xianyou 煤
Central Min Yanping (Wangtai) 煤
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 煤
Southern Pinghua Binyang 煤
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 煤
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 煤
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 煤
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 煤
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 煤
Chengbu (Xuntou) 煤
Wu Shanghai (Songjiang) 煤
Suzhou 煤
Wenzhou 煤
Yiwu 煤
Xiang Changsha 煤炭, 煤
Shuangfeng 煤炭
Hengshan 煤炭
Hengshan (Baiguo) 煤炭

Compounds

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (炭):
  • → Japanese: 炭(たん) (tan)
  • → Korean: 탄(炭) (tan)
  • → Vietnamese: thán (炭)

Others:

Japanese
Shinjitai 炭
Kyūjitai
[1]
炭
&#x2F91A;
or
炭+&#xFE00;?
炭󠄁
炭+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
炭󠄃
炭+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji
炭

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 炭)

  1. a coal or cinder from a fire
  2. charcoal

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
炭
すみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 炭 – see the following entry.
【すみ】
[noun] [from 762] charcoal
[noun] [from early 900s] a coal or cinder from a fire
[noun] [date uncertain] (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
(This term, 炭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
炭
たん
Grade: 3

From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH).

Pronunciation

Noun

炭(たん) • (tan) 

  1. (rare) charcoal
    Synonyms: (more common; see above) 炭 (sumi), (literally “wood charcoal”) 木炭 (mokutan), (rare reading) 木炭 (kizumi)
  2. (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
    Synonyms: (literally “stone charcoal”) 石炭 (sekitan), (rare reading) 石炭 (ishizumi)
Usage notes

This reading is only very rarely used as a standalone noun. Much more commonly encountered in compounds.

Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

炭(たん) • (Tan) 

  1. a surname

Further reading

References
  1. Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1354 (paper), page 728 (digital)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 탄〯 (thǎn) (Yale: than) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 炭 (eumhun 숯 탄 (sut tan))

  1. Hanja form? of 탄 (“charcoal; coal; carbon”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

炭: Hán Nôm readings: thán, than, tro

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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