娑婆

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (娑婆)	娑	婆
simp. ^#(娑婆)	娑	婆
anagram	婆娑

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सह (saha, “name of a division of the world < bearing; enduring”), as in सहलोकधातु (sahalokadhātu, “world inhabited by men; earth”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): suōpó

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄛㄆㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): so¹ po⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: suōpó
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛㄆㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: suopó
  - Wade–Giles: so¹-pʻo²
  - Yale: swō-pwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suopor
  - Palladius: сопо (sopo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯ɔ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: so¹ po⁴
  - Yale: sō pòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: so¹ po⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: so¹ po⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔː⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹/

Middle Chinese: sa ba

Rime
Character	娑	婆
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	素何切	薄波切
Baxter	sa	ba
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sa/	/bwa/
Li Rong	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Wang Li	/sɑ/	/buɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/sɑ/	/bʱuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	suō	pó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	so¹	po⁴

Noun

娑婆

(Buddhism) world of endurance; outside world; this world (which is full of suffering)

Derived terms

娑婆世界 (Suōpó shìjiè)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (娑婆):

→ Japanese: 娑(しゃ)婆(ば) (shaba)
→ Korean: 사바(娑婆) (saba)
→ Vietnamese: sa bà (娑婆)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
娑	婆
しゃ Hyōgaiji	ば Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Chinese 娑婆 (suōpó), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit सह (saha)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕa̠ba̠]

Noun

娑(しゃ)婆(ば) • (shaba)

the world
(Buddhism) this corrupt world
the outside world

Korean

Hanja in this term
娑	婆

Noun

娑婆 • (saba) (hangeul 사바)

Hanja form^? of 사바 (“the world; (Buddhism) this corrupt world; the outside world”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
娑	婆

Noun

娑婆

chữ Hán form of sa bà.

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