This is a list of women artists who were born in Russia or whose artworks are closely associated with that country.

A

• Taisia Afonina (1913–1994), painter
• Sara Alexandri (born 1913), painter
• Anna Andreeva (1917–2009), textile artist
• Evgenia Antipova (1917–2009), portrait, genre, and still life painter
• Tatyana Apraksina (born 1963), graphic artist, illustrator, writer
• Mariam Aslamazian (1907–2006), painter
• Irina Azizyan (1935–2009), painter

B

• Irina Baldina (1922–2009), painter
• Varvara Baruzdina (1862–1941), painter
• Maria Bashkirtseva (1858–1884), painter
• Evgenia Baykova (1907–1997), realist painter, graphic artist
• Aleksandra Belcova (1892–1981), Latvian/Russian painter
• Olga Beggrow-Hartmann (1862–1922), German/Russian, painter
• Angelina Beloff (1879–1969), Russian-born painter, moved to Mexico
• Zlata Bizova (1927–2013), painter
• Seraphima Blonskaya (1870–1947), painter, art teacher
• Elisabeth Boehm (1843–1914), painter, postcard designer
• Olga Bogaevskaya (1915–2000), painter
• Kseniya Boguslavskaya (1892–1972), avant-garde painter, poet, decorator
• Vita Buivid (born 1962), contemporary artist

C

• Anastasia Chernyavsky, photographer
• Olga and Galina Chichagova (1886–1958 and 1891–1966), children's book illustrators

D

• Olga Della-Vos-Kardovskaya (1875–1952), painter
• Alexandra Dementieva (born 1960), digital artist
• Irina Dobrekova (born 1931), painter
• Olya Dubatova, painter, installation artist

E

• Aleksandra Ekster (1882–1949), Russia-French painter, designer
• Vera Ermolaeva (1893–1937), avant-garde painter, illustrator

G

• Nina Genke-Meller (1893–1954), Ukrainian-Russian avant-garde artist, designer, scenographer
• Helen Gerardia (1903–1988), Russian-born American painter
• Irina Getmanskaya (born 1939), painter, educator
• Natalia Gippius (1905–1994), painter
• Natalia Goncharova (1881–1962), avant-garde painter, costume designer, writer
• Tatiana Gorb (1935–2013), painter, illustrator, educator
• Elena Gorokhova (1935–2014), painter
• Elena Guro (1877–1913), futurist painter

K

• Svetlana K-Lie (born 1977), multidisciplinary artist based in the UK
• Anastasia Khoroshivlova (born 1978), artist, photographer
• Maria Kleschar-Samokhvalova (1915–2000), painter
• Elena Nikandrovna Klokacheva (1871–c.1943), painter
• Maya Kopitseva (1924–2005), still life painter
• Tatiana Kopnina (1921–2009), painter, art teacher
• Elena Kostenko (1926–2019), painter
• Anna Kostrova (1909–1994), realist painter, illustrator
• Maya Dmitrievna Koveshnikova (1926–2013), Siberian landscape and still life painter
• Marina Kozlovskaya (1925–2019), painter
• Sophia Ivanovna Kramskaya (1866–1933), painter

L

• Valeria Larina (1926–2008), painter
• Anna Leporskaya (1900–1982), painter
• Irina Levshakova (1959–2016), painter

M

• Tatyana Mavrina (1900–1996), artist and children's book illustrator
• Valentina Monakhova (born 1932), painter, art teacher
• Liza Morozova (born 1973), contemporary artist, psychologist, writer
• Vera Mukhina (1889–1953), sculptor, social realist

N

• Irina Nakhova (born 1955), painter, educator
• Ida Nappelbaum (1900–1992), writer, photographer
• Vera Nazina (born 1931), painter
• Ry Nikonova (1942–2014), painter, writer

O

• Ry Nikonova (1871–1955), watercolourist, woodcut artist

P

• Anna Parkina (born 1979), visual artist
• Liubov Popova (1889–1924), cubist abstractionist painter

R

• Lubov Rabinovich (1907–2001), painter
• Teresa Feoderovna Ries (1874–1950), painter
• Vera Rockline (1896–1934), painter
• Olga Rozanova (1886–1918), avant-garde painter
• Maria Rudnitskaya (1916–1983), painter, art teacher
• Galina Rumiantseva (1927–2004), painter
• Nadya Rusheva (1952–1969), illustrator
• Anastasia Ryabova (born 1985), contemporary artist
• Marina Ryndzyunskaya (1877–1946), sculptor

S

• Aidan Salahova (born 1964), contemporary artist
• Zinaida Serebriakova (1884–1967), painter, social realist
• Daria Serenko, (born 1993), curator and artist activist
• Nadezhda Shteinmiller (1915–1991), painter, art teacher
• Elena Skuin (1908–1986), Latvian-Russian painter, art teacher
• Esphyr Slobodkina (1908–2002), illustrator, writer
• Galina Smirnova (1929–2015), painter
• Varvara Stepanova (1884–1958), Constructivist artist

U

• Nadezhda Udaltsova (1885–1961), avant-garde painter, art teacher

V

• Nina Tokhtaman Valetova (born 1958), metaphysical realism, fantasy and visionary painter
• Nina Veselova (1922–1960), painter
• Elena Volkova (1915–2013), painter
• Olga Volchkova (born 1970), painter, curator
• Ekaterina Vorona (born 1975), sculptor and graphic artist
• Eugenia Vronskaya (born 1966), painter

W

• Marianne von Werefkin (1860–1938), avant-garde expressionist painter

Y

• Josephinne Yaroshevich (born 1946), painter

Z

• Olga Zhekulina (1900–1973), painter, puppeteer
• Maria Zubreeva (1900–1991), painter, designer