viên ngoại

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese reading of 員外.

Pronunciation
  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [viən˧˧ ŋwaːj˧˨ʔ]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [viəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩ʔ]
  • (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [viəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨] ~ [jiəŋ˧˧ ŋwaːj˨˩˨]

Noun

viên ngoại

  1. (historical) ancient official title
  2. (historical) hollow (i.e. honorific, ceremonial) title granted to wealthy notables
  3. (historical) notable
    • 1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Đoạn trường tân thanh (Truyện Kiều)‎, published 1866, lines 11–12:
      固(Có)茹(nhà)員(viên)外(ngoại)户(họ)王(Vương)
      家(Gia)資(tư)擬(nghĩ)拱(cũng)常(thường)常(thường)堛(bậc)中(trung)
      There was a respectable townsman with surname Vương.
      Of modest wealth, he belonged to the middle class of society.
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