sí
See also: Appendix:Variations of "si"
Catalan
    
    
Adverb
    
sí
Usage notes
    
Antonyms
    
See also
    
Further reading
    
- “sí” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
 - “sí”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
 - “sí” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
 
Fala
    
    Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ˈsi/
 
Etymology 1
    
From Old Galician-Portuguese si (“yes”), from Latin sīc (“thus, so”), from Proto-Indo-European *so (“this, that”).
Etymology 2
    
From Old Galician-Portuguese si, from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye.
Pronoun
    
sí
- Reflexive prepositional pronoun; oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
 
See also
    
Fala personal pronouns
| nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
| plural | common | nos | musL  nusLV nos, -nusM  | 
nos | ||
| masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
| feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
| second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
| plural | common | vos | vusLV  vos, -vusM  | 
vos | ||
| masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
| feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
| third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el | 
| feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
| plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
| feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
| reflexive | — | se, -si | sí | |||
Hokkien
    
| For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 死 (“to die; inactive; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 死).  | 
| For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 始 (“beginning; start; to begin; to start; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 始).  | 
| For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 豕 (“pig; boar”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 豕).  | 
| For pronunciation and definitions of sí – see 矢 (“arrow; to vow; to swear; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 矢).  | 
Hungarian
    
    Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): [ˈʃiː]
 Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ʃiː
 
Declension
    
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | sí | sík | 
| accusative | sít | síket | 
| dative | sínek | síknek | 
| instrumental | sível | síkkel | 
| causal-final | síért | síkért | 
| translative | sívé | síkké | 
| terminative | síig | síkig | 
| essive-formal | síként | síkként | 
| essive-modal | — | — | 
| inessive | síben | síkben | 
| superessive | sín | síken | 
| adessive | sínél | síknél | 
| illative | síbe | síkbe | 
| sublative | síre | síkre | 
| allative | síhez | síkhez | 
| elative | síből | síkből | 
| delative | síről | síkről | 
| ablative | sítől | síktől | 
| non-attributive possessive - singular  | 
síé | síké | 
| non-attributive possessive - plural  | 
síéi | síkéi | 
| Possessive forms of sí | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions | 
| 1st person sing. | sím | síjeim | 
| 2nd person sing. | síd | síjeid | 
| 3rd person sing. | síje | síjei | 
| 1st person plural | sínk | síjeink | 
| 2nd person plural | sítek | síjeitek | 
| 3rd person plural | síjük | síjeik | 
Etymology 2
    
An onomatopoeia (sound imitation).
Verb
    
sí
Conjugation
    
conjugation of sí
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal  | 
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal  | 
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal  | 
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal  | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood  | 
Present | Indef. | sívok | sísz | sí | sívunk | sítok | sínak | |
| Def. | sívom | sívod | síja | síjuk | síjátok | síják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | sílak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | síttam | síttál | sítt | síttunk | síttatok | síttak | ||
| Def. | síttam | síttad | sítta | síttuk | síttátok | sítták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síttalak | ― | |||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. síni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit  | 
Indef. | sívék | sívál | síva | sívánk | sívátok | sívának | ||
| Def. | sívám | sívád | sívá | sívánk | sívátok | sívák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síválak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. sí vala, sítt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future  | 
Indef. | sívandok | sívandasz | sívand | sívandunk | sívandotok | sívandanak | ||
| Def. | sívandom | sívandod | sívandja | sívandjuk | sívandjátok | sívandják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | sívandalak | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood  | 
Present | Indef. | sínék | sínál | sína | sínánk | sínátok | sínának | |
| Def. | sínám | sínád | síná | sínánk  (or sínók)  | 
sínátok | sínák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | sínálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. sítt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood  | 
Present | Indef. | síjak | síj or síjál  | 
síjon | síjunk | síjatok | síjanak | |
| Def. | síjam | sídd or síjad  | 
síja | síjuk | síjátok | síják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síjalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. sítt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | síni | sínom | sínod | sínia | sínunk | sínotok | síniuk | ||
| Other forms  | 
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| sívás | sívó | sítt | sívandó | síva (síván) | |||||
| The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).  | |||||||||
potential conjugation of sí
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal  | 
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal  | 
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal  | 
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal  | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood  | 
Present | Indef. | síhatok | síhatsz | síhat | síhatunk | síhattok | síhatnak | |
| Def. | síhatom | síhatod | síhatja | síhatjuk | síhatjátok | síhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síhatlak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indef. | síhattam | síhattál | síhatott | síhattunk | síhattatok | síhattak | ||
| Def. | síhattam | síhattad | síhatta | síhattuk | síhattátok | síhatták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síhattalak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Preterit  | 
Indef. | síhaték | síhatál | síhata | síhatánk | síhatátok | síhatának | ||
| Def. | síhatám | síhatád | síhatá | síhatánk | síhatátok | síhaták | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síhatálak | ― | |||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. síhat vala, síhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future  | 
Indef. | síhatandok or sívandhatok | síhatandasz or sívandhatsz | síhatand or sívandhat | síhatandunk or sívandhatunk | síhatandotok or sívandhattok | síhatandanak or sívandhatnak | ||
| Def. | síhatandom or sívandhatom | síhatandod or sívandhatod | síhatandja or sívandhatja | síhatandjuk or sívandhatjuk | síhatandjátok or sívandhatjátok | síhatandják or sívandhatják | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síhatandalak or sívandhatlak | ― | |||||||
| Conditional mood  | 
Present | Indef. | síhatnék | síhatnál | síhatna | síhatnánk | síhatnátok | síhatnának | |
| Def. | síhatnám | síhatnád | síhatná | síhatnánk (or síhatnók)  | 
síhatnátok | síhatnák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síhatnálak | ― | |||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. síhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood  | 
Present | Indef. | síhassak | síhass or síhassál  | 
síhasson | síhassunk | síhassatok | síhassanak | |
| Def. | síhassam | síhasd or síhassad  | 
síhassa | síhassuk | síhassátok | síhassák | |||
| 2nd-p. o. | síhassalak | ― | |||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. síhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (síhatni) | (síhatnom) | (síhatnod) | (síhatnia) | (síhatnunk) | (síhatnotok) | (síhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | síható | Neg. adj. | síhatatlan | Adv. part. | (síhatva / síhatván) | ||||
Related terms
    
References
    
- sí in Czuczor, Gergely and János Fogarasi: A magyar nyelv szótára (’A Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Pest: Emich Gusztáv Magyar Akadémiai Nyomdász, 1862–1874.
 
Further reading
    
- (ski): sí in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
 - (to howl, cry): sí in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
 
Icelandic
    
    Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /siː/
 - Rhymes: -iː
 
Derived terms
    
- sí og æ (“always, permanently, continually”)
 
Irish
    
    Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ʃiː/
 
Etymology 1
    
From Middle Irish side, from Old Irish síd, from Proto-Celtic *sīdos (“mound (inhabited by fairies); peace”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēds, from *sed- (“to sit”). Doublet of síth.
Alternative forms
    
- sidhe, síodh (superseded)
 
Declension
    
Derived terms
    
- aos sí (“fairies”)
 - bean sí (“banshee, fairy woman”)
 - ceol sí (“fairy music; enchanting music”)
 - dumha sí (“fairy mound”)
 - leannán sí (“phantom lover”)
 - long sí (“phantom ship”)
 - sián (“fairy mound”)
 - síbhean (“fairy woman”)
 - síbhruíon (“fairy palace”)
 - síofrach (“elfin, fairy-like”)
 - síofróg (“elf-woman, fairy”)
 - síofróireacht (“fairy lore”)
 - sióg (“fairy”)
 - síothshluagh (“fairy host, fairy army”)
 - síscéal (“fairy-tale”)
 - síúil (“fairy-like, elfin; weird”)
 - slua sí (“fairy host”)
 - solas sí (“misguiding light”)
 
Etymology 2
    
From Old Irish sí, from Proto-Celtic *sī, from Proto-Indo-European *sih₂.
See also
    
Irish personal pronouns
| Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive  (emphatic)  | 
Disjunctive  (emphatic)  | 
Possessive determiner  | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | mé  (mise)  | 
mo L  m' before vowel sounds  | |
| Second | tú  (tusa)1  | 
thú  (thusa)  | 
do L  d' before vowel sounds  | |
| Third masculine | sé  (seisean)  | 
é  (eisean)  | 
a L | |
| Third feminine | sí  (sise)  | 
í  (ise)  | 
a H | |
| Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
| Plural | First | muid,  sinn  (muidne, muide), (sinne)  | 
ár E | |
| Second | sibh  (sibhse)1  | 
bhur E | ||
| Third | siad  (siadsan)  | 
iad  (iadsan)  | 
a E | |
Mutation
    
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis | 
| sí | shí after an, tsí  | 
not applicable | 
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
    
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sí”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
 - Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 65
 - G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “sí”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
 - G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 síd, síth (‘fairy mound’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
 
Old Irish
    
    Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /sʲiː/
 
Etymology 1
    
From Proto-Celtic *sī (compare Welsh hi), from a blend of Proto-Indo-European *só (“this”) + *íh₂.
Pronoun
    
sí
Related terms
    
- sissi (emphatic)
 
Etymology 2
    
See síi.
Spanish
    
    Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): /ˈsi/ [ˈsi]
 Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -i
 - Syllabification: sí
 - Homophone: si
 
Particle
    
sí
Usage notes
    
- As an affirmation, this term has in Spanish a usage that is not usually explicitly translated into English, since it could sound like a pleonasm, being that "positively", "affirmatively", and always related to a negation (explicit or not):
- Él sí puede, yo no
- He (positively) can, I cannot.
 
 - Esto sí es una fiesta.
- This sure is a party. / This is what I call a party.
 
 - No sabemos si es sostenible, pero lo que sí sabemos es que funciona muy bien.
- We don't know if it's sustainable, but what we do know is that it works very well.
 
 
 
Noun
    
Etymology 2
    
Inherited from Latin sibi, from Proto-Indo-European *sébʰye, dative of *swé (“self”). Cognate with French soi, Italian sé, and Portuguese si.
Pronoun
    
sí
- himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself, yourselves (form of se used after prepositions)
- para sí ― for himself/herself/itself/themselves/yourself/yourselves
 
 
Derived terms
    
See also
    
Spanish personal pronouns
| nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
| plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
| feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
| second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
| voseo | vos | vos | |||||
| formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
| plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
| feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
| formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
| third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
| feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
| neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
| plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
| feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
| reflexive | — | se | sí1 | ||||
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
 - Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
 - Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
 - If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
 - Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
 - Used primarily in Spain
 - Used only in rare circumstances
 
See also
    
Further reading
    
- “sí”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
 
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