rétrograder

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin retrōgradāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

rétrograder

  1. to turn back, go back
  2. to retrogress
  3. (motoring) to downshift
  4. (military) to demote
  5. (computing) to downgrade

Conjugation
Conjugation of rétrograder (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple rétrograder
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple rétrogradant
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle rétrogradé
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present rétrograde
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/		 rétrogrades
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/		 rétrograde
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/		 rétrogradons
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɔ̃/		 rétrogradez
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/		 rétrogradent
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/
imperfect rétrogradais
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛ/		 rétrogradais
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛ/		 rétrogradait
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛ/		 rétrogradions
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.djɔ̃/		 rétrogradiez
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dje/		 rétrogradaient
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛ/
past historic2 rétrogradai
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/		 rétrogradas
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da/		 rétrograda
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da/		 rétrogradâmes
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dam/		 rétrogradâtes
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dat/		 rétrogradèrent
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɛʁ/
future rétrograderai
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁe/		 rétrograderas
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁa/		 rétrogradera
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁa/		 rétrograderons
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɔ̃/		 rétrograderez
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁe/		 rétrograderont
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɔ̃/
conditional rétrograderais
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɛ/		 rétrograderais
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɛ/		 rétrograderait
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɛ/		 rétrograderions
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.də.ʁjɔ̃/		 rétrograderiez
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.də.ʁje/		 rétrograderaient
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present rétrograde
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/		 rétrogrades
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/		 rétrograde
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/		 rétrogradions
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.djɔ̃/		 rétrogradiez
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dje/		 rétrogradent
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/
imperfect2 rétrogradasse
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.das/		 rétrogradasses
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.das/		 rétrogradât
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da/		 rétrogradassions
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da.sjɔ̃/		 rétrogradassiez
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.da.sje/		 rétrogradassent
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.das/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — rétrograde
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁad/		 — rétrogradons
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.dɔ̃/		 rétrogradez
/ʁe.tʁɔ.ɡʁa.de/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading
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