mugir

Catalan

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Latin mūgīre. First attested in c. 1400.[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

mugir (first-person singular present mugeixo, first-person singular preterite mugí, past participle mugit)

  1. to moo; to low
    Synonym: bramular

Conjugation
    Conjugation of mugir (third conjugation, with -eix-)
infinitive mugir
gerund mugint
past participle masculine feminine
singular mugit mugida
plural mugits mugides
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present mugeixo mugeixes mugeix mugim mugiu mugeixen
imperfect mugia mugies mugia mugíem mugíeu mugien
future mugiré mugiràs mugirà mugirem mugireu mugiran
preterite mugí mugires mugí mugírem mugíreu mugiren
conditional mugiria mugiries mugiria mugiríem mugiríeu mugirien
subjunctive jo tu ell/ella
vostè		 nosaltres
nós		 vosaltres
vós		 ells/elles
vostès
present mugeixi mugeixis mugeixi mugim mugiu mugeixin
imperfect mugís mugissis mugís mugíssim mugíssiu mugissin
imperative — tu vostè nosaltres vosaltres
vós		 vostès
affirmative — mugeix mugeixi mugim mugiu mugeixin
negative (no) — no mugeixis no mugeixi no mugim no mugiu no mugeixin

Derived terms

References
  1. “mugir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

Further reading

French

Etymology

Alteration of the inherited Old French muir, muire, based on the original etymology, Latin mūgīre

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /my.ʒiʁ/
  • audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -iʁ

Verb

mugir

  1. to moo
    Entends mugir les vaches. ― Listen to the cows mooing.
  2. to roar

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of mugir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple mugir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple mugissant
/my.ʒi.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle mugi
/my.ʒi/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present mugis
/my.ʒi/		 mugis
/my.ʒi/		 mugit
/my.ʒi/		 mugissons
/my.ʒi.sɔ̃/		 mugissez
/my.ʒi.se/		 mugissent
/my.ʒis/
imperfect mugissais
/my.ʒi.sɛ/		 mugissais
/my.ʒi.sɛ/		 mugissait
/my.ʒi.sɛ/		 mugissions
/my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/		 mugissiez
/my.ʒi.sje/		 mugissaient
/my.ʒi.sɛ/
past historic2 mugis
/my.ʒi/		 mugis
/my.ʒi/		 mugit
/my.ʒi/		 mugîmes
/my.ʒim/		 mugîtes
/my.ʒit/		 mugirent
/my.ʒiʁ/
future mugirai
/my.ʒi.ʁe/		 mugiras
/my.ʒi.ʁa/		 mugira
/my.ʒi.ʁa/		 mugirons
/my.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/		 mugirez
/my.ʒi.ʁe/		 mugiront
/my.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/
conditional mugirais
/my.ʒi.ʁɛ/		 mugirais
/my.ʒi.ʁɛ/		 mugirait
/my.ʒi.ʁɛ/		 mugirions
/my.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/		 mugiriez
/my.ʒi.ʁje/		 mugiraient
/my.ʒi.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present mugisse
/my.ʒis/		 mugisses
/my.ʒis/		 mugisse
/my.ʒis/		 mugissions
/my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/		 mugissiez
/my.ʒi.sje/		 mugissent
/my.ʒis/
imperfect2 mugisse
/my.ʒis/		 mugisses
/my.ʒis/		 mugît
/my.ʒi/		 mugissions
/my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/		 mugissiez
/my.ʒi.sje/		 mugissent
/my.ʒis/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — mugis
/my.ʒi/		 — mugissons
/my.ʒi.sɔ̃/		 mugissez
/my.ʒi.se/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Synonyms

Further reading

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese mogir, mugir, from Latin mūgīre (“to moo”), from Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg-.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /muˈʒi(ʁ)/ [muˈʒi(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /muˈʒi(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /muˈʒi(ʁ)/ [muˈʒi(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /muˈʒi(ɻ)/
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /muˈʒiɾ/
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /muˈʒi.ɾi/

  • Homophone: mugi (Brazil)
  • Hyphenation: mu‧gir

Verb

mugir (first-person singular present mujo, first-person singular preterite mugi, past participle mugido)

  1. to moo (to make a lowing sound)

Conjugation
    Conjugation of mugir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal mugir
Personal mugir mugires mugir mugirmos mugirdes mugirem
Gerund
mugindo
Past participle
Masculine mugido mugidos
Feminine mugida mugidas
Indicative
Present mujo muges muge mugimos mugis mugem
Imperfect mugia mugias mugia mugíamos mugíeis mugiam
Preterite mugi mugiste mugiu mugimos mugistes mugiram
Pluperfect mugira mugiras mugira mugíramos mugíreis mugiram
Future mugirei mugirás mugirá mugiremos mugireis mugirão
Conditional mugiria mugirias mugiria mugiríamos mugiríeis mugiriam
Subjunctive
Present muja mujas muja mujamos mujais mujam
Imperfect mugisse mugisses mugisse mugíssemos mugísseis mugissem
Future mugir mugires mugir mugirmos mugirdes mugirem
Imperative
Affirmative muge muja mujamos mugi mujam
Negative (não) não mujas não muja não mujamos não mujais não mujam

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin mūgīre.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /muˈxiɾ/ [muˈxiɾ]
  • Rhymes: -iɾ
  • Syllabification: mu‧gir

Verb

mugir (first-person singular present mujo, first-person singular preterite mugí, past participle mugido)

  1. (intransitive) to moo

Conjugation
    Conjugation of mugir (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive mugir
gerund mugiendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular mugido mugida
plural mugidos mugidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present mujo mugestú
mugísvos		 muge mugimos mugís mugen
imperfect mugía mugías mugía mugíamos mugíais mugían
preterite mugí mugiste mugió mugimos mugisteis mugieron
future mugiré mugirás mugirá mugiremos mugiréis mugirán
conditional mugiría mugirías mugiría mugiríamos mugiríais mugirían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present muja mujastú
mujásvos2		 muja mujamos mujáis mujan
imperfect
(ra)		 mugiera mugieras mugiera mugiéramos mugierais mugieran
imperfect
(se)		 mugiese mugieses mugiese mugiésemos mugieseis mugiesen
future1 mugiere mugieres mugiere mugiéremos mugiereis mugieren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative mugetú
mugívos		 muja mujamos mugid mujan
negative no mujas no muja no mujamos no mujáis no mujan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

References
  1. Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Further reading
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