mrḥ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
U7
r		 HnDs

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive, of buildings and tools) to fall to ruin, to decay [since the 18th Dynasty]
  2. (intransitive, of one’s ba or corpse, usually negated) to perish, to die
  3. (intransitive, of plans, words, festivals, etc., usually negated) to come to nought, to perish, to be erased
Usage notes

Often found used in parallel with skj (“to perish”).

Inflection
Conjugation of mrḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: mrḥ, geminated stem: mrḥḥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
mrḥ
 mrḥw, mrḥ
 mrḥt
 mrḥ
 mrḥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
mrḥ
 ḥr mrḥ
 m mrḥ
 r mrḥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect mrḥ.n
 consecutive mrḥ.jn
terminative mrḥt
perfective3 mrḥ
 obligative1 mrḥ.ḫr
imperfective mrḥ
prospective3 mrḥ
 potentialis1 mrḥ.kꜣ
subjunctive mrḥ
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect mrḥ.n
 — —
perfective mrḥ
 mrḥ
 mrḥ, mrḥw5, mrḥy5
imperfective mrḥ, mrḥy, mrḥw5
 mrḥ, mrḥj6, mrḥy6
 mrḥ, mrḥw5
prospective mrḥ, mrḥtj7
 mrḥtj4, mrḥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mrḥ  
U7
r		 Hw
nDs
N36
r		 Hw
nDs
mrḥw mrḥw
[Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]

Etymology 2

Apparently a back-formation from mrḥt (“oil, fat”); compare the older verb wrḥ (“to anoint”), from which mrḥt itself may originally derive.

Pronunciation

Verb
U7
r		 HW22

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to anoint [Late Period literature]
  2. (transitive, with m) to coat or provide (a clay figurine) with (enamel)
  3. (transitive) to lacquer (wood)
Inflection
Conjugation of mrḥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: mrḥ, geminated stem: mrḥḥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
mrḥ
 mrḥw, mrḥ
 mrḥt
 mrḥ
 mrḥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
mrḥ
 ḥr mrḥ
 m mrḥ
 r mrḥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect mrḥ.n
 mrḥw, mrḥ
 consecutive mrḥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative mrḥt
perfective3 mrḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 mrḥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective mrḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 mrḥ
 mrḥḥ
 potentialis1 mrḥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive mrḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect mrḥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective mrḥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 mrḥ
 mrḥ, mrḥw5, mrḥy5
imperfective mrḥ, mrḥy, mrḥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 mrḥ, mrḥj6, mrḥy6
 mrḥ, mrḥw5
prospective mrḥ, mrḥtj7
 — mrḥtj4, mrḥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Etymology 3

Based on the form of the Coptic descendants, apparently the same word as mrḥt (“oil, fat”) in origin; with the loss of syllable-final -t, the originally-feminine word was reanalyzed as a masculine noun when used in the sense of ‘asphalt’.

Pronunciation
 

Noun
U7
r		 HN33C
Z2ss

 m

  1. asphalt [Late Period literature]
Descendants
  • Demotic: mrḥ
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲏϩⲉ (amrēhe)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (mrehi), ⲉⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (emrehi), ⲙⲃⲣⲉϩⲓ (mbrehi), ⲃⲣⲉϩⲓ (brehi), ⲉⲣⲡⲣⲉϩⲓ (erprehi)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (amrehi)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲏϩⲉ (amrēhe), ⲁⲙⲣⲉϩⲉ (amrehe)

References
  • “mrḥ (lemma ID 72810)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “mrḥ (lemma ID 72790)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “mrḥ (lemma ID 72800)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 111.11–112.1
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 112
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