laut
Basque
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lautta, from Proto-Germanic *lautō, *lautiz. Compare Old Norse laut and Old Swedish lȫt. Cognate to Votic lauttõ.
Declension
| Declension of laut (ÕS type 22u/leib, t-d gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | laut | laudad | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | lauda | ||
| genitive | lautade | ||
| partitive | lauta | lautu lautasid | |
| illative | lauta laudasse |
lautadesse laudusse | |
| inessive | laudas | lautades laudus | |
| elative | laudast | lautadest laudust | |
| allative | laudale | lautadele laudule | |
| adessive | laudal | lautadel laudul | |
| ablative | laudalt | lautadelt laudult | |
| translative | laudaks | lautadeks lauduks | |
| terminative | laudani | lautadeni | |
| essive | laudana | lautadena | |
| abessive | laudata | lautadeta | |
| comitative | laudaga | lautadega | |
German
Etymology 1
From Middle High German and Old High German lūt, akin to Old Saxon hlūd, from Proto-West Germanic *hlūd.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /laʊ̯t/
audio (Germany) (file) audio (Austria) (file)
Adjective
laut (strong nominative masculine singular lauter, comparative lauter, superlative am lautesten)
- loud, noisy
- Synonym: geräuschvoll
- Antonym: leise
Declension
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist laut | sie ist laut | es ist laut | sie sind laut | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | lauter | laute | lautes | laute |
| genitive | lauten | lauter | lauten | lauter | |
| dative | lautem | lauter | lautem | lauten | |
| accusative | lauten | laute | lautes | laute | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der laute | die laute | das laute | die lauten |
| genitive | des lauten | der lauten | des lauten | der lauten | |
| dative | dem lauten | der lauten | dem lauten | den lauten | |
| accusative | den lauten | die laute | das laute | die lauten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein lauter | eine laute | ein lautes | (keine) lauten |
| genitive | eines lauten | einer lauten | eines lauten | (keiner) lauten | |
| dative | einem lauten | einer lauten | einem lauten | (keinen) lauten | |
| accusative | einen lauten | eine laute | ein lautes | (keine) lauten | |
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
| predicative | er ist lauter | sie ist lauter | es ist lauter | sie sind lauter | |
| strong declension (without article) |
nominative | lauterer | lautere | lauteres | lautere |
| genitive | lauteren | lauterer | lauteren | lauterer | |
| dative | lauterem | lauterer | lauterem | lauteren | |
| accusative | lauteren | lautere | lauteres | lautere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der lautere | die lautere | das lautere | die lauteren |
| genitive | des lauteren | der lauteren | des lauteren | der lauteren | |
| dative | dem lauteren | der lauteren | dem lauteren | den lauteren | |
| accusative | den lauteren | die lautere | das lautere | die lauteren | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein lauterer | eine lautere | ein lauteres | (keine) lauteren |
| genitive | eines lauteren | einer lauteren | eines lauteren | (keiner) lauteren | |
| dative | einem lauteren | einer lauteren | einem lauteren | (keinen) lauteren | |
| accusative | einen lauteren | eine lautere | ein lauteres | (keine) lauteren | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Esperanto: laŭta
Etymology 2
Shortened version of Middle High German nach lūt, alternatively nach lūte, with the modern German meaning of nach dem Wortlaut (“according to the wording”).[1]
Usage notes
The preposition laut governs either the dative or genitive case. Originally used with genitive, the dative has been more common since 1900:
- laut einem Bericht (also: eines Berichts) — according to a report.
The dative case is always used for plural nouns not preceded by an article, determiner, or adjective:
- laut Berichten (not: Berichte) — according to reports.
An isolated noun of the strong declension remains uninflected in the singular:
- laut Bericht (not: Berichts) — according to the report.
Descendants
- → Esperanto: laŭ
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
laut
References
- Wolfgang Pfeifer, editor (1993), “laut”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen (in German), 2nd edition, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /laʊ̯t/
Declension
| Declension of laut (see also Appendix:Hunsrik adjectives) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | plural | ||
| Weak inflection | nominative | laut | laut | laut | laute |
| accusative | laute | laut | laut | laute | |
| dative | laute | laute | laute | laute | |
| Strong inflection | nominative | lauter | laute | lautes | laute |
| accusative | laute | laute | lautes | laute | |
| dative | lautem | lauter | lautem | laute | |
Further reading
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈløyːt/
- Rhymes: -øyːt
Declension
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay laut, from Classical Malay laut (“sea”), from Proto-Malayic *laut (“towards the sea”), replaces an earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈlaʊt̪̚]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: la‧ut
Noun
laut (first-person possessive lautku, second-person possessive lautmu, third-person possessive lautnya)
- sea (body of water)
Compounds
Further reading
- “laut” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Kapampangan
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud (compare Ilocano laud (“west”)), from Proto-Austronesian *lahud.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈlaut/, [ˈläː.ut]
- Hyphenation: la‧ut
Derived terms
- kalautan (“depth”)
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *laut, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lahud, from Proto-Austronesian *lahud. Displaced earlier *tasik (“sea”) (now tasik (“lake”)). Cognates with Minangkabau lauik (“sea”), Javanese ꦭꦺꦴꦂ (lor, “north”), Balinese ᬮᭀᬢ᭄ (lot, “sea”), Ilocano laud (“west”). Doublet of lor.
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /laot/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /laʊt/
- Rhymes: -aot, -ot
Audio (MY) (file) - Rhymes: -ut
Noun
laut (Jawi spelling لاٴوت, informal 1st possessive lautku, 2nd possessive lautmu, 3rd possessive lautnya)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Indonesian: laut
References
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875) “لاوت laoet”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 114
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “لاٴوت laut”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 593
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “laut”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 28
- "laut" in Kamus Dewan, Fourth Edition, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, 2005.
Further reading
- “laut” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Sundanese
Veps
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lautta.
Declension
| Inflection of laut (inflection type 5/sana) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | laut | ||
| genitive sing. | lautan | ||
| partitive sing. | lautad | ||
| partitive plur. | lautoid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | laut | lautad | |
| accusative | lautan | lautad | |
| genitive | lautan | lautoiden | |
| partitive | lautad | lautoid | |
| essive-instructive | lautan | lautoin | |
| translative | lautaks | lautoikš | |
| inessive | lautas | lautoiš | |
| elative | lautaspäi | lautoišpäi | |
| illative | lautaha lautha |
lautoihe | |
| adessive | lautal | lautoil | |
| ablative | lautalpäi | lautoilpäi | |
| allative | lautale | lautoile | |
| abessive | lautata | lautoita | |
| comitative | lautanke | lautoidenke | |
| prolative | lautadme | lautoidme | |
| approximative I | lautanno | lautoidenno | |
| approximative II | lautannoks | lautoidennoks | |
| egressive | lautannopäi | lautoidennopäi | |
| terminative I | lautahasai lauthasai |
lautoihesai | |
| terminative II | lautalesai | lautoilesai | |
| terminative III | lautassai | — | |
| additive I | lautahapäi lauthapäi |
lautoihepäi | |
| additive II | lautalepäi | lautoilepäi | |