kes
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kes"
English
    
    
Etymology 2
    
Shortening.
Estonian
    
    Etymology
    
From Proto-Finnic *ken + the pronoun see.
Declension
    
Declension of kes (type irregular)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kes | kes | 
| genitive | kelle | kellede | 
| partitive | keda | keda | 
| illative | kellesse | kelledesse | 
| inessive | kelles | kelledes | 
| elative | kellest | kelledest | 
| allative | kellele | kelledele | 
| adessive | kellel | kelledel | 
| ablative | kellelt | kelledelt | 
| translative | kelleks | kelledeks | 
| terminative | kelleni | kelledeni | 
| essive | kellena | kelledena | 
| abessive | kelleta | kelledeta | 
| comitative | kellega | kelledega | 
Declension of kes (type irregular)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | kes | kes | 
| genitive | kelle | kelle | 
| partitive | keda | keda | 
| illative | kellesse | kellesse | 
| inessive | kelles | kelles | 
| elative | kellest | kellest | 
| allative | kellele | kellele | 
| adessive | kellel | kellel | 
| ablative | kellelt | kellelt | 
| translative | kelleks | kelleks | 
| terminative | kelleni | kelleni | 
| essive | kellena | kellena | 
| abessive | kelleta | kelleta | 
| comitative | kellega | kellega | 
Derived terms
    
Indonesian
    
    
Pronunciation
    
- IPA(key): [ˈkɛs]
- Hyphenation: kes
Adjective
    
kès
Usage notes
    
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay kes.
Further reading
    
- “kes” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
    
    Etymology
    
From English case, from Middle English cas, from Old French cas (“an event”), from Latin cāsus (“a falling, a fall; accident, event, occurrence; occasion, opportunity; noun case”).
Noun
    
kés (Jawi spelling کيس, plural kes-kes, informal 1st possessive kesku, 2nd possessive kesmu, 3rd possessive kesnya)
Usage notes
    
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian kes.
Synonyms
    
- kasus (Indonesia)
Further reading
    
- “kes” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
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