gorchymyn

Welsh

Alternative forms
  • gorchmynnu

Etymology

From Middle Welsh gorchymyn, from Proto-Brythonic *gworxumɨnn (compare Old Cornish gurhemin, Middle Breton gourchemenn), from *gwor- (“over”) + *kumɨnn (from Latin commendō (“commend; recommend”). By surface analysis, gor- +‎ cymyn (“testament; bequest”).

Pronunciation

Verb

gorchymyn (first-person singular present gorchmynnaf)

  1. (transitive) to command, to order

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future gorchmynnaf gorchmynni gorchmynna gorchmynnwn gorchmynnwch gorchmynnant gorchmynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 gorchmynnwn gorchmynnit gorchmynnai gorchmynnem gorchmynnech gorchmynnent gorchmynnid
preterite gorchmynnais gorchmynnaist gorchmynnodd gorchmynasom gorchmynasoch gorchmynasant gorchmynnwyd
pluperfect gorchmynaswn gorchmynasit gorchmynasai gorchmynasem gorchmynasech gorchmynasent gorchmynasid, gorchmynesid
present subjunctive gorchmynnwyf gorchmynnych gorchmynno gorchmynnom gorchmynnoch gorchmynnont gorchmynner
imperative — gorchmynna gorchmynned gorchmynnwn gorchmynnwch gorchmynnent gorchmynner
verbal noun gorchymyn
verbal adjectives gorchmynedig
gorchmynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future gorchmynna i, gorchmynnaf i gorchmynni di gorchmynnith o/e/hi, gorchmynniff e/hi gorchmynnwn ni gorchmynnwch chi gorchmynnan nhw
conditional gorchmynnwn i, gorchmynnswn i gorchmynnet ti, gorchmynnset ti gorchmynnai fo/fe/hi, gorchmynnsai fo/fe/hi gorchmynnen ni, gorchmynnsen ni gorchmynnech chi, gorchmynnsech chi gorchmynnen nhw, gorchmynnsen nhw
preterite gorchmynnais i, gorchmynnes i gorchmynnaist ti, gorchmynnest ti gorchmynnodd o/e/hi gorchmynnon ni gorchmynnoch chi gorchmynnon nhw
imperative — gorchmynna — — gorchmynnwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms
  • gorchmyniad (“commandment, commanding”)
  • gorchmynnol (“imperative”)

Noun

gorchymyn m (plural gorchmynion)

  1. command, commandment, order

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gorchymyn orchymyn ngorchymyn unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gorchymyn”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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