cyfogi
Welsh
Etymology
From cyfog (“vomiting”) + -i, influenced by the sound of cyfodi (“raise”) and meaning of odi (“to throw, to hurl”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /kəˈvɔɡɪ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /kəˈvoːɡi/, /kəˈvɡdi/
- Rhymes: -ɔɡɪ
- Rhymes: -ɔɡi
Verb
cyfogi (first-person singular present cyfogaf)
- to vomit, to throw up
- Synonyms: chwydu, taflu i fyny
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | cyfogaf | cyfogi | cyfoga | cyfogwn | cyfogwch | cyfogant | cyfogir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cyfogwn | cyfogit | cyfogai | cyfogem | cyfogech | cyfogent | cyfogid | |
| preterite | cyfogais | cyfogaist | cyfogodd | cyfogasom | cyfogasoch | cyfogasant | cyfogwyd | |
| pluperfect | cyfogaswn | cyfogasit | cyfogasai | cyfogasem | cyfogasech | cyfogasent | cyfogasid, cyfogesid | |
| present subjunctive | cyfogwyf | cyfogych | cyfogo | cyfogom | cyfogoch | cyfogont | cyfoger | |
| imperative | — | cyfoga | cyfoged | cyfogwn | cyfogwch | cyfogent | cyfoger | |
| verbal noun | cyfogi | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | cyfogedig cyfogadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | cyfoga i, cyfogaf i | cyfogi di | cyfogith o/e/hi, cyfogiff e/hi | cyfogwn ni | cyfogwch chi | cyfogan nhw |
| conditional | cyfogwn i, cyfogswn i | cyfoget ti, cyfogset ti | cyfogai fo/fe/hi, cyfogsai fo/fe/hi | cyfogen ni, cyfogsen ni | cyfogech chi, cyfogsech chi | cyfogen nhw, cyfogsen nhw |
| preterite | cyfogais i, cyfoges i | cyfogaist ti, cyfogest ti | cyfogodd o/e/hi | cyfogon ni | cyfogoch chi | cyfogon nhw |
| imperative | — | cyfoga | — | — | cyfogwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| cyfogi | gyfogi | nghyfogi | chyfogi |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cyfogi”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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