borb

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish borb (“foolish, ignorant”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbˠɔɾˠəbˠ/
  • (Kerry) IPA(key): /ˈbˠʌɾˠəbˠ/[1]
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /ˈbˠɔɾˠəbˠ/, (as if spelled barb) /ˈbˠaɾˠəbˠ/[2]

Adjective

borb (genitive singular masculine boirb, genitive singular feminine boirbe, plural borba, comparative boirbe)

  1. brusque, gruff, abrupt; rude
    Synonym: drochmhúinte
  2. pungent

Declension
Declension of borb
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative borb bhorb borba;
bhorba²
Vocative bhoirb borba
Genitive boirbe borba borb
Dative borb;
bhorb¹		 bhorb;
bhoirb (archaic)		 borba;
bhorba²
Comparative níos boirbe
Superlative is boirbe

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

  • boirbe f (“gruffness, rudeness”)

Verb

borb (present analytic borbann, future analytic borbfaidh, verbal noun borbadh, past participle borbtha)

  1. (intransitive) Alternative form of borbaigh (“get angry, rude”)

Conjugation
conjugation of borb (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present borbaim borbann tú;
borbair†		 borbann sé, sí borbaimid borbann sibh borbann siad;
borbaid†		 a bhorbann; a bhorbas /
a mborbann*; a mborbas*		 borbtar
past bhorb mé; bhorbas bhorb tú; bhorbais bhorb sé, sí bhorbamar; bhorb muid bhorb sibh; bhorbabhair bhorb siad; bhorbadar a bhorb /
ar bhorb*		 borbadh
past habitual bhorbainn / mborbainn‡‡ bhorbtá / mborbtᇇ bhorbadh sé, sí / mborbadh sé, s퇇 bhorbaimis; bhorbadh muid / mborbaimis‡‡; mborbadh muid‡‡ bhorbadh sibh / mborbadh sibh‡‡ bhorbaidís; bhorbadh siad / mborbaidís‡‡; mborbadh siad‡‡ a bhorbadh /
a mborbadh*		 bhorbtaí / mborbta퇇
future borbfaidh mé;
borbfad		 borbfaidh tú;
borbfair†		 borbfaidh sé, sí borbfaimid;
borbfaidh muid		 borbfaidh sibh borbfaidh siad;
borbfaid†		 a bhorbfaidh; a bhorbfas /
a mborbfaidh*; a mborbfas*		 borbfar
conditional bhorbfainn / mborbfainn‡‡ bhorbfá / mborbfᇇ bhorbfadh sé, sí / mborbfadh sé, s퇇 bhorbfaimis; bhorbfadh muid / mborbfaimis‡‡; mborbfadh muid‡‡ bhorbfadh sibh / mborbfadh sibh‡‡ bhorbfaidís; bhorbfadh siad / mborbfaidís‡‡; mborbfadh siad‡‡ a bhorbfadh /
a mborbfadh*		 bhorbfaí / mborbfa퇇
subjunctive present go mborba mé;
go mborbad†		 go mborba tú;
go mborbair†		 go mborba sé, sí go mborbaimid;
go mborba muid		 go mborba sibh go mborba siad;
go mborbaid†		 — go mborbtar
past dá mborbainn dá mborbtá dá mborbadh sé, sí dá mborbaimis;
dá mborbadh muid		 dá mborbadh sibh dá mborbaidís;
dá mborbadh siad		 — dá mborbtaí
imperative borbaim borb borbadh sé, sí borbaimis borbaigí;
borbaidh†		 borbaidís — borbtar
verbal noun borbadh
past participle borbtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
borb bhorb mborb
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 28
  2. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 7

Further reading

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈborb/

Adjective

borb

  1. foolish, silly, senseless; stupid, ignorant, unlearned; rude, uncouth
  2. fierce, rough, rude, violent, harsh; arrogant

Declension
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative borb borb borb
Vocative buirb*
borb**
Accusative borb buirb
Genitive buirb buirbe buirb
Dative burb buirb burb
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative buirb borba
Vocative burbu
borba†
Accusative burbu
borba†
Genitive borb
Dative borbaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Derived terms
  • burbae

Descendants
  • Irish: borb
  • Scottish Gaelic: borb
  • Manx: barb

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
borb borb
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/		 mborb
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish borb (“foolish, silly, senseless; stupid, ignorant, unlearned; rude, uncouth; fierce, rough, rude, violent, harsh; arrogant”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈpɔrɔp/

Adjective

borb (comparative buirbe)

  1. barbaric, barbarous
  2. boisterous
  3. brusque
  4. brutish, crude
  5. cruel, savage, fierce
  6. harsh
  7. knockabout
  8. rabid

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
borbbhorb
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “borb”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “borb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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