bṯ

See also: bt, Bt, BT, bT, and .bt

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
bT
D54

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to run [since the Pyramid Texts]
  2. (intransitive, of the inundation) to rush by [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]
  3. (transitive) to abandon (someone), to forsake, to leave in the lurch [since the Middle Kingdom]
  4. (transitive) to run through (a place) [New Kingdom and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection
Conjugation of bṯ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: bṯ, geminated stem: bṯṯ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
bṯ
 bṯw, bṯ
 bṯt
 bṯ, j.bṯ
 bṯ, j.bṯ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
bṯ
 ḥr bṯ
 m bṯ
 r bṯ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect bṯ.n
 bṯw, bṯ
 consecutive bṯ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative bṯt
perfective3 bṯ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 bṯ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective bṯ, j.bṯ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 bṯ
 bṯṯ
 potentialis1 bṯ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive bṯ, j.bṯ1
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect bṯ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective bṯ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 bṯ
 bṯṯ, bṯṯj6, bṯ2, bṯw2 5, bṯy2 5
imperfective j.bṯ1, bṯ, bṯy, bṯw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 j.bṯ1, j.bṯw1 5, bṯ, bṯj6, bṯy6
 bṯ, bṯw5
prospective bṯ, bṯtj7
 — bṯtj4, bṯt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of bṯ  
bTA27
bt
U30		 AD54
bt
U30		 ArdD54
biTi
t		 D54
biTi
t
biTi
biTi
D40
bṯ btꜣ btꜣ bt bt bṯ bṯ
[Old Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [New Kingdom] [Greco-Roman Period] [Greco-Roman Period]

References
  • “bṯ (lemma ID 854510)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 484.15, 485.6–10
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 86
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