< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skarpijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *skarp (“sharp”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*skarpijan[1][2]

  1. to sharpen

Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *skarpijan
1st sg. past *skarpidā
Infinitive *skarpijan
Genitive infin. *skarpijannjas
Dative infin. *skarpijannjē
Instrum. infin. *skarpijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *skarpiju *skarpidā
2nd singular *skarpisi *skarpidēs, *skarpidōs
3rd singular *skarpiþi *skarpidē, *skarpidā
1st plural *skarpijum *skarpidum
2nd plural *skarpiþ *skarpidud
3rd plural *skarpijanþ *skarpidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *skarpijē *skarpidī
2nd singular *skarpijēs *skarpidī
3rd singular *skarpijē *skarpidī
1st plural *skarpijēm *skarpidīm
2nd plural *skarpijēþ *skarpidīd
3rd plural *skarpijēn *skarpidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *skarpi
Plural *skarpiþ
Present Past
Participle *skarpijandī *skarpid

Descendants
  • Old English: sċierpan, sċyrpan, sċirpan, sċerpan
    • Middle English: scerpen, scharpen (merged with descendant of Old English sċearpian)
  • Old Saxon: skerpian
    • Middle Low German: scherpen, scharpen
      • German Low German: scharpen
  • Old Dutch: skerpen
  • Old High German: *skarpfen, *skerpfen
    • Middle High German: scherpfen, scherfen
    • ⇒ Old High German: giskarpfen, *giskerpfen, giserpfen

References
  1. Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 242: “PWGmc *skarpijan”
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*skarpjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 335
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