< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwellan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Presumably from Proto-Germanic *kwellaną, possibly a secondary strong verb of unattested full-grade iterative verb *kwellōną,[1] from pre-Proto-Germanic *gʷel-nā́-ti ~ *gʷul-un-ánti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip”), Hittite [Term?] (/⁠ku(wa)liya-⁠/, “to flow (calmly), to be calm”).

Verb

*kwellan[2][3]

  1. to well up, swell up

Inflection
Strong class 3
Infinitive *kwellan
1st sg. past *kwall
3rd pl. past *kullun
Past ptcple *kollan
Infinitive *kwellan
Genitive infin. *kwellannjas
Dative infin. *kwellannjē
Instrum. infin. *kwellannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *kwellu *kwall
2nd singular *kwilliʀi *kullī
3rd singular *kwillidi *kwall
1st plural *kwellum *kullum
2nd plural *kwillid *kullud
3rd plural *kwelland *kullun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *kwellē *kullī
2nd singular *kwellēs *kullī
3rd singular *kwellē *kullī
1st plural *kwellēm *kullīm
2nd plural *kwellēþ *kullīd
3rd plural *kwellēn *kullīn
Imperative Present
Singular *kwill
Plural *kwillid
Present Past
Participle *kwellandī *kollan

Alternative reconstructions
  • *kwalljan
  • *kollā
    • ⇒ *kollōnferhþu
      • Old English: collenferhþ (“proud, bold”)
    • ⇒ *kollōnkrōgu
      • Old English: colloncrōg, collencrōg (“waterlily”)
  • *kwal
    • Old Saxon:
      • Middle Low German: qual
    • Old High German:
      • Middle High German: qual
        • German: Quall (archaic)
        • ⇒ Middle High German: ūzqual
        • ⇒ Middle High German: wazzerqual, wazzerquel
  • *kwalljā

Derived terms
  • *kwellōnbrunnō (“water source, spring”)
    • Old Saxon: *kwellborno
      • Middle Low German: quelborn
    • Old High German: *kwellbrunno
      • Middle High German: quëlbrunne
        • German: Quellbrunnen
  • *kwellungu
  • *uppakwellan
  • *ūtkwellan
    • Old Dutch: *ūtquelan
      • Middle Dutch: ūtquēlen
    • Old High German: ūzkwellan, ūzquellan

Descendants
  • Old Saxon: quellan
    • Middle Low German: quellen, quillen
      • → Swedish: kvälla
  • Old Dutch: *quellan
  • Old High German: kwellan, quellan

References
  1. Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “kwellen 2”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*kwellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
  3. Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWELL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 314
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