Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/friund

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frijōndz.

Noun

*friund m[1]

friend
Synonym: *wini

Inflection

Consonant stem
	Singular
Nominative	*friund
Genitive	*friundi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*friund	*friundi
Accusative	*friundu	*friundi
Genitive	*friundi	*friundō
Dative	*friundi	*friundum
Instrumental	*friundi	*friundum

Derived terms

*friundskapi

Descendants

Old English: frēond, frīond
- Middle English: frend, frende, freond, friend, vrend, freend, frond, frund, freind, freynde, vryend, frind
  - English: friend (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind
  - Yola: vriene, friend
  - → Welsh: ffrind
Old Frisian: friūnd, friōnd
- Saterland Frisian: Früünd, Fjund
- West Frisian: freon
Old Saxon: friund
- Middle Low German: vrint, vrünt, vrent
  - German Low German: Fründ, Frund, Frönd
  - Plautdietsch: Frint
  - → Old Swedish: frynt, frynd
    - Swedish: frynt (obsolete)
Old Dutch: friund, friunt
- Middle Dutch: vrient
  - Dutch: vriend, vrind
    - Afrikaans: vriend
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: frindi
    - Javindo: friend
    - Jersey Dutch: vrînt
    - Negerhollands: vriend, vrient
    - Petjo: pring (archaic)
  - Limburgish: vröndj
Old High German: friunt
- Middle High German: vriunt
  - Alemannic German: Fründ
  - Bavarian: Freind
  - Cimbrian: vròint, bròint
  - Central Franconian: Frönd, Frend, Frind, Frönk, Fründ
    Hunsrik: Freind, froynt
    Luxembourgish: Frënd
  - German: Freund
  - Vilamovian: frajnd
  - Yiddish: פֿרײַנד (fraynd)

References

Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 62: “PWGmc *friund”

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[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 62: “PWGmc *friund”