Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þwangi

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Alternative forms

*þwang m (strong a-stem)

Etymology

From a merger of Proto-Germanic *þwangiz and *þwangaz; both from earlier Proto-Germanic *þwanguz (“force, restraint, band”).

Noun

*þwangi m

belt, strap, thong
restraint, pressure

Inflection

i-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*þwangi
Genitive	*þwangī
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*þwangi	*þwangī
Accusative	*þwangi	*þwangī
Genitive	*þwangī	*þwangijō
Dative	*þwangī	þwangim, þwangijum
Instrumental	*þwangī	þwangim, þwangijum

Derived terms

*þwangijan
*þwangil

Related terms

*þwingan
*gaþwingi

Descendants

Old English: þwang, þwong, þwæng, þweng
- Middle English: thong, thwong, thwang
  - English: thong
  - Scots: thwang, thwayng, thang
  - Yola: fong
Old Frisian: thwong, thwang
- Saterland Frisian: Twoang
- West Frisian: twang
Old Saxon: *thwang
- Middle Low German: dwanc, dwank
  - German Low German: Dwang
Old Dutch: *thwang
- Middle Dutch: dwanc
  - Dutch: dwang
    - Afrikaans: dwang
    - Negerhollands: twang
    - → Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)
Old High German: dwang (“bit, bridle, rein, restraint”)
- Middle High German: twanc
  - German: Zwang

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