Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þewernā

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *þeu (“servant, slave”) + unknown suffix *-(w)ernā, which has been compared to Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐌰 (widuwairna, “orphan”), from 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 (widuwō, “widow”). Compare also Old Norse þýborinn, from þý (“bondmaid”) +‎ borinn (“born”).

Noun

*þewernā f

handmaid, female servant
Synonyms: *þiuwjā, *þiwi
maiden, young girl
Synonyms: *magaþ, *magadīn, *mawilā

Inflection

ōn-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*þewernā
Genitive	*þewernōn
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*þewernā	*þewernōn
Accusative	*þewernōn	*þewernōn
Genitive	*þewernōn	*þewernōnō
Dative	*þewernōn	þewernōm, þewernum
Instrumental	*þewernōn	þewernōm, þewernum

Alternative reconstructions

*þeurnā

Descendants

Old Saxon: thiorna
- Middle Low German: dêrne
  - German Low German: Deern
    - → German: Deern
- → Old Norse: þerna
  - Icelandic: þerna
  - Faroese: terna
  - Norwegian:
    - Norwegian Bokmål: terne m or f
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: terne f
  - Old Swedish: thærna
    - Swedish: tärna c
  - Danish: tærne
  - →? Middle English: therne, thierne, tharne, tarne
    - >? English: tern, tarn
Old Dutch: thiorna
- Middle Dutch: dierne
  - Dutch: deerne, deern
Old High German: thiorna, diorna
- Middle High German: dierne, diern
  - Bavarian:
    - Cimbrian: diirna, diarn
    - Mòcheno: diarn
  - German: Dirne
    - ⇒ German: Dirndl
      - → English: dirndl

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