Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hŕ̥šah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.

Noun

*Hŕ̥šah m

bear

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hŕ̥šah	*Hŕ̥šā	*Hŕ̥šā
vocative	*Hŕ̥ša	*Hŕ̥šā	*Hŕ̥šā
accusative	*Hŕ̥šam	*Hŕ̥šā	*Hŕ̥šānh
instrumental	*Hŕ̥šā	*Hŕ̥šaybyaH	*Hŕ̥šāyš
ablative	*Hŕ̥šāt	*Hŕ̥šaybyaH	*Hŕ̥šaybyah
dative	*Hŕ̥šāy	*Hŕ̥šaybyaH	*Hŕ̥šaybyah
genitive	*Hŕ̥šahya	*Hŕ̥šayāh	*Hŕ̥šānam
locative	*Hŕ̥šay	*Hŕ̥šayaw	*Hŕ̥šayšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *ārši
  - Proto-Ossetic: *āršɨ
    - Old Ossetic: *ars
      - Ossetian: арс (ars)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ārri
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (arrä)
- Proto-Sogdic:
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (ašša)
  - Yagnobi: аш (aš)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: يږ (yëģ), يګ (yëg), هيږ (hiģ)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
    - Sarikoli: yürx
    - Shughni: йӯрх̌ (yūrx̌)
  - Yidgha: یرش (yerš)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: رش (riš), (Western) ہرس (hirs)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ورچ (wirç), وورچ (wurç)
  
  Northern Kurdish: hirç, hurç
  
  Southern Kurdish: ھرچ (hirç), ھرس (hirs), ھرز (hirz) (in some southern dialects)
  
  Laki: خرس (xirs)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Mazanderani: اش (aš), ارش (arš)
  - Sangisari: اش (aš)
  - Old Median: *r̥šah
    - Karingani: ارش (arš)
    - Talysh: هرس (hers)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: ھەشە (haša), حەشە (ḥaša)
    - Zazaki: heş (ḥaš), heşı
Southwest Iranian:
- Old Persian: *r̥šah
  - Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hls /⁠xirs⁠/) (prothetic unetymological x-)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: خئرس (xers)
      Bakhtiari: خرس (xers)
    - Classical Persian: خرس (xirs)
      - Iranian Persian: خرس (xers)
      - Judeo-Tat:
        Cyrillic script: хуьрс (xyrs)
        Hebrew script: כאורס (xyrs)
      - Tajik: хирс (xirs)
        → Yagnobi: хирс (xirs)
      - → Khwarezmian: [script needed] (hrs /⁠*hirs⁠/)
      - → Gilaki: خرس (xərs)
      - → Sanglechi: xars
      - → Talysh: خرس (xərs)
      - → Wakhi: xers

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