< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/(h)rabā́š

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain; from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)rabʰā́ćš ~ *(s)rabʰaćás, from *(s)rabʰ- +‎ *-ā́ćš (animal and plant suffix), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps ~ *(s)rabʰ-és (“turnip, rape”), perhaps borrowed from a substrate language. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *srebʰ- (“to slurp”).[1]

Noun

*(h)rabā́š ~ *(h)rabacáh m[2]

  1. rhubarb
  2. fennel
  • *(h)rábnah (< *(s)rábʰnas)
    • Yagnobi: рена (réna), ренна (rénna, “rhubarb”)

Descendants
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Yagnobi: роба (rōbá), роwа (rōwá, “fennell”)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: رواش (rawā́š, “rhubarb”)
    • Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (rov, “rhubarb”)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (rūv, “rhubarb”)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *rǣw (“rhubarb”)
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *rīw
        • Munji: [script needed] (rīf)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (rīv)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *rǣw
        • Shughni: рӣв (rīv)
        • Yazghulami: [script needed] (rev, “type of edible thick stemmed plant”)
        • ⇒ Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *rǣwičak (+ *-ič + *-ak)
          • Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *rǣwcak, *rǣwjak
            • Shughni: рeвцак (revcak, “plant resembling Ferula kokanica, but with a rosette of leaves and no fruits”) (Khufi), ре̂вjак (rêvjak), рeвцак (revcak, “inedible mountain grass”) (Khughni)
          • Yazghulami: равҷаг (ravǰag, “rhubarb”)
            • → Shughni: рав̌ҷакв̌ох̌ (rawǰakwōx̌), ривсeкв̌ох̌ (rivsekwōx̌, “willow herb, sp. Chamaenerion angustifolium”) (Roshani) (+ в̌ох̌ (wōx̌, “root”))
          • → Uzbek: ravoch
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: رواش (rawāš, “rhubarb”)
    • Northern Kurdish: ribêz, rêvas, rêwaz (“rhubarb”)
      Central Kurdish: ڕێواس (rêwas)
      Northern Kurdish: rêwas, rêvaz
    • Zazaki: rıbês (“rhubarb”)
    • → Khowar: [script needed] (riwiṣ̌)
    • → Middle Persian: *rebāz
      • Persian: ریواج (rivâj), ریباج (ribâj)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *rabaθah
      • Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lypʾs /⁠rēbās,[3] rēbāh[4]⁠/)
        • Classical Persian: ریباس (ribâs)
        • ⇒ Middle Persian: *rēwand
          • Classical Persian: ریوند (rāwand, revand, riwand)
          • → Ancient Greek: ῥῆον (rhêon) [50-70 CE, Dioscorides], ῥᾶ (rhâ, “rhubarb”) [129-210 CE, Galenus] (< earlier *rewon)[6]
          • → Classical Syriac: ܪܐܘܢܕ (rʾwnd), ܪܝܘܢܕ (rywnd), ܪܘܢܕ (rwnd), ܪܐܘܢ (rʾwn), ܪܝܘܢ (rywn, “rhubarb”)
      • →? Ancient Greek: λάπαθον (lápathon), λάπαθος (lápathos, “monk's rhubarb, Rumex acetosa”) [550-460 BCE, Epicharmos; 371-287 BCE, Theophrastus]
  • →? Proto-Slavic: *loboda (see there for further descendants)
  • →? Proto-Turkic: *alabuda (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Morgenstierne, Georg (1973) “Chapter 22: A Vedic word in some modern Hindu Kush languages?”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
  2. The template Template:R:ira:Morgenstierne:1938 does not use the parameter(s): 
    volume=II
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “rīv”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 244
  3. MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “rēbās”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
  4. Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2007) Introduction to Pahlavi‎, Cambridge
  5. Morgenstierne, Georg (1974) “rōv”, in Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 6), Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 69b
  6. Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 548
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