< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/bíHȷ́am

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Atypical unaspirated voiced bilabial stop suggests a borrowing, possibly from the BMAC substrate.[1]

Noun

*bíHȷ́am n[2]

  1. seed
  2. semen

Inflection
neuter a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *bíHȷ́am *bíHȷ́ay *bíHȷ́aH
vocative *bíHȷ́am *bíHȷ́ay *bíHȷ́aH
accusative *bíHȷ́am *bíHȷ́ay *bíHȷ́aH
instrumental *bíHȷ́ā *bíHȷ́aybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *bíHȷ́āyš
ablative *bíHȷ́āt *bíHȷ́aybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *bíHȷ́aybʰyas
dative *bíHȷ́āy *bíHȷ́aybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *bíHȷ́aybʰyas
genitive *bíHȷ́asya *bíHȷ́ayās *bíHȷ́āna(H)m
locative *bíHȷ́ay *bíHȷ́ayaw *bíHȷ́ayšu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *bíHȷ́am
    • Sanskrit: बीज (bī́ja, “seed, semen”) (see there for further descendants)
      • → Proto-Nuristani: *bī́ya (see there for further descendants) (via Middle Indo-Aryan *bīya)
  • Proto-Iranian: *bíHjam
    • Avestan: 𐬠𐬍𐬰𐬀 (bīza) (personal names)
    • Parachi: bīz (“corn seed”)
    • Sogdian: [script needed] (*byz)
      • ⇒ Sogdian: [script needed] (byz'k, “seed, semen”)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki
  2. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “bī́ja-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
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