< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ǰíHwati
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti, from *gʷih₃wós (“alive, living”), from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”). Cognate with Proto-Hellenic *ďṓwō, Proto-Italic *gʷīwō.
Inflection
Nonfinite forms of *ǰíHwati
| Infinitive | *ǰíHwatum |
|---|---|
| Gerund | *ǰiHwatwáH |
| Past passive participle | *ǰiHwatás |
| Future passive participle | *ǰíHwyas |
Present forms of *ǰíHwati
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ǰíHwaHmi | *ǰíHwaHwas | *ǰíHwaHmas | *ǰíHway | *ǰiHwáHwadʰHay | *ǰiHwáHmadʰHay | *ǰiHwyáy | *ǰiHwyáHwadʰHay | *ǰiHwyáHmadʰHay | |
| 2nd | *ǰíHwasi | *ǰíHwatʰas | *ǰíHwatʰa | *ǰíHwasay | *ǰíHwaytʰay | *ǰíHwadʰHway | *ǰiHwyásay | *ǰiHwyáytʰay | *ǰiHwyádʰHway | |
| 3rd | *ǰíHwati | *ǰíHwatas | *ǰíHwanti | *ǰíHwatay | *ǰíHwaytay | *ǰíHwantay | *ǰiHwyátay | *ǰiHwyáytay | *ǰiHwyántay | |
| Imperative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ǰíHwaHni | *ǰíHwaHwa | *ǰíHwaHma | *ǰíHwaHy | *ǰiHwáHwadʰHaHy | *ǰiHwáHmadʰHaHy | *ǰiHwyáHy | *ǰiHwyáHwadʰHaHy | *ǰiHwyáHmadʰHaHy | |
| 2nd | *ǰíHwa | *ǰíHwatam | *ǰíHwata | *ǰíHwaswa | *ǰíHwaytʰām | *ǰíHwadʰHwam | *ǰiHwyáswa | *ǰiHwyáytʰām | *ǰiHwyádʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *ǰíHwatu | *ǰíHwatām | *ǰíHwantu | *ǰíHwatām | *ǰíHwaytām | *ǰíHwantam | *ǰiHwyátām | *ǰiHwyáytām | *ǰiHwyántam | |
| Optative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ǰíHwayHam | *ǰíHwaywa | *ǰíHwaymas | *ǰíHwayHa | *ǰiHwáywadʰHi | *ǰiHwáymadʰHi | *ǰiHwyáyHa | *ǰiHwyáywadʰHi | *ǰiHwyáymadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *ǰíHways | *ǰíHwaytam | *ǰíHwayta | *ǰíHwaytʰās | *ǰiHwáyHātʰām | *ǰíHwaydʰHwam | *ǰiHwyáytʰās | *ǰiHwyáyHātʰām | *ǰiHwyáydʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *ǰíHwayt | *ǰíHwaytām | *ǰíHwayHunt | *ǰíHwayta | *ǰiHwáyHātām | *ǰíHwayrant | *ǰiHwyáyta | *ǰiHwyáyHātām | *ǰiHwyáyrant | |
| Participles | *ǰíHwant | *ǰíHwamHnas | *ǰiHwyámHnas | |||||||
Imperfect forms of *ǰíHwati
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *áǰiHwam | *aǰíHwaHwa | *aǰíHwaHma | *áǰiHway | *aǰiHwáHwadʰHi | *aǰiHwáHmadʰHi | *aǰiHwyáy | *aǰiHwyáHwadʰHi | *aǰiHwyáHmadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *áǰiHwas | *aǰíHwatam | *aǰíHwata | *aǰíHwatʰās | *aǰíHwaytʰām | *aǰíHwadʰHwam | *aǰiHwyátʰās | *aǰiHwyáytʰām | *aǰiHwyádʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *áǰiHwat | *aǰíHwatām | *áǰiHwant | *aǰíHwata | *aǰíHwaytām | *aǰíHwanta | *aǰiHwyáta | *aǰiHwyáytām | *aǰiHwyánta | |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́íHwati
- Sanskrit: जीवति (jī́vati)
- Dardic:
- Kashmiri:
- Arabic script: زُوُن (zuwun)
- Devanagari script: ज़ुवुन (zuwun)
- Shina: [script needed] (žonu)
- Kashmiri:
- Pali: jīvati
- Prakrit: 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀤𑀺 (jīvadi)
- Bengali: জিয়া (jiẏa)
- Bihari:
- Bhojpuri: जीयल (jīyal)
- Maithili: जियब (jiyab)
- Early Assamese: জী (jī)
- Assamese: জীয়া (zia)
- Odia: ଜୀବା (jiba)
- Marathi: जिणे (jiṇe)
- Old Gujarati: जीवइ (jīvaï)
- Gujarati: જીવવું (jīvvũ)
- Hindi: जीना (jīnā)
- Kumaoni: ज्यूणो (jyūṇo)
- Nepali: जिउनु (jiunu)
- Punjabi: ਜਿਊਣਾ (jiūṇā)
- Romani: ʒivel, ʒuvel; dživel, džuvel; zhuvel
- Sindhi: जिअणु (jiaṇu)
- Dardic:
- Sanskrit: जीवति (jī́vati)
- Proto-Iranian: *ǰíHwati
- Proto-Nuristani: *ǰīváti
- Northern Nuristani:
- Kamkata-viri:
- Kamviri: jǖ́-
- Kativiri: jëvé-
- Kamkata-viri:
- Northern Nuristani:
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