< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méǵh₂s

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Adjective

*méǵh₂s (oblique stem *m̥ǵh₂-)[1][2]

  1. big, great

Inflection
Athematic, amphikinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *méǵh₂s *méǵh₂ih₂
genitive *m̥ǵh₂és *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *méǵh₂s *méǵh₂h₁(e) *méǵh₂es
vocative *méǵh₂ *méǵh₂h₁(e) *méǵh₂es
accusative *méǵh₂m̥ *méǵh₂h₁(e) *méǵh₂m̥s
genitive *m̥ǵh₂és *? *m̥ǵh₂óHom
ablative *m̥ǵh₂és *? *m̥ǵh₂mós
dative *m̥ǵh₂éy *? *m̥ǵh₂mós
locative *méǵh₂, *méǵh₂i *? *m̥ǵh₂sú
instrumental *m̥ǵh₂éh₁ *? *m̥ǵh₂mís
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *méǵh₂ih₂ *méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e) *méǵh₂ih₂es
vocative *méǵh₂ih₂ *méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e) *méǵh₂ih₂es
accusative *méǵh₂ih₂m̥ *méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e) *méǵh₂ih₂m̥s
genitive *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s *? *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂oHom
ablative *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s *? *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mos
dative *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂ey *? *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mos
locative *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂, *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂i *? *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂su
instrumental *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂h₁ *? *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *méǵh₂ *méǵh₂ih₁ *méǵh₂h₂
vocative *méǵh₂ *méǵh₂ih₁ *méǵh₂h₂
accusative *méǵh₂ *méǵh₂ih₁ *méǵh₂h₂
genitive *m̥ǵh₂és *? *m̥ǵh₂óHom
ablative *m̥ǵh₂és *? *m̥ǵh₂mós
dative *m̥ǵh₂éy *? *m̥ǵh₂mós
locative *méǵh₂, *méǵh₂i *? *m̥ǵh₂sú
instrumental *m̥ǵh₂éh₁ *? *m̥ǵh₂mís

Derived terms
  • *méǵh₂-os ~ méǵh₂-es-
    • >? Proto-Celtic: *magos (“plain, field”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máȷ́ʰas
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰas
      • Proto-Iranian: *májah
        • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬵 (mazah)
  • *méǵh₂-lo-s
    • Proto-Celtic: *maglos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *mikilaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *megalos
  • (perhaps) *meǵh₂-r- (since -ար (-ar) and -αίρω (-aírō) were both productive in their respective languages, it may not be necessary to reconstruct an *-r- stem)
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Hellenic: *megařřō
      • Ancient Greek: μεγαίρω (megaírō)
  • (perhaps) *m̥ǵh₂-ént-s
    • Proto-Italic: *engents (see there for further descendants)
  • *méǵh₂-yōs
  • *m̥ǵh₂-nós
    • Proto-Italic: *magnos (see there for further descendants)
  • *m̥ǵh₂-tós
    • Proto-Italic: *maktos (see there for further descendants)
  • *méǵh₂-mn̥-to-m
  • *méǵh₂-tlom
    • Proto-Italic:
      • Venetic: 𐌌𐌀𐌙𐌄𐌕𐌋𐌏𐌍 (magetlon)

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *madza
  • Proto-Albanian: *mai
    • Albanian: më (“more”)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒈨𒂊𒅅𒆠𒅖 (me-e-ek-ki-iš, “numerous”)
  • Proto-Armenian:
  • Proto-Hellenic: *mégas, *əga- (< *m̥ǵh₂-), *əgān (< *m̥ǵéh₂m)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maȷ́ʰā́ (see there for further descendants)
  • Phrygian: μεκας (mekas /⁠megas⁠/, “great”, dat.sg./pl.)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *mākā (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 353
  2. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “magnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Schumacher, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 238
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