Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃nóbʰōl

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₃nebʰ- (“hub, navel”) +‎ *-ōl.

Noun

*h₃nóbʰōl m

navel

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₃nóbʰōl
genitive	*h₃m̥bʰlés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₃nóbʰōl	*h₃nóbʰolh₁(e)	*h₃nóbʰoles
vocative	*h₃nóbʰol	*h₃nóbʰolh₁(e)	*h₃nóbʰoles
accusative	*h₃nóbʰolm̥	*h₃nóbʰolh₁(e)	*h₃nóbʰolm̥s
genitive	*h₃m̥bʰlés	*?	*h₃m̥bʰlóHom
ablative	*h₃m̥bʰlés	*?	*h₃m̥bʰl̥mós
dative	*h₃m̥bʰléy	*?	*h₃m̥bʰl̥mós
locative	h₃m̥bʰél, h₃m̥bʰéli	*?	*h₃m̥bʰl̥sú
instrumental	*h₃m̥bʰléh₁	*?	*h₃m̥bʰl̥mís

Alternative reconstructions

*h₃nóbʰl̥ ~ *h₃m̥bʰéns

Derived terms

*h₃nóbʰol-ō ~ *h₃m̥bʰl̥-nés
- Proto-Germanic: *nabalô (see there for further descendants)
*h₃m̥bʰély-ō ~ *h₃m̥bʰl̥-y-nés[1][2] (< loc.sg. *h₃m̥bʰéli)
- Proto-Celtic: *ambelyū[3][2]
  - Old Irish: imbliu (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Proto-Hellenic: *ompʰəl (< *h₃ómbʰ-l̥[1])
- ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *ompʰəlós
  - Ancient Greek: ὀμφαλός (omphalós)
    - Greek: αφαλός m (afalós), ομφαλός m (omfalós, “navel”)
Proto-Italic: *ombel, *ombeli[4] (< loc.sg. *h₃m̥bʰéli or *h₃ómbʰ-l̥)
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *ombelīkos (+ *-īkos)
  - Latin: umbilīcus (see there for further descendants)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nablan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 380
Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36: “*h3n̥bh-el-ii̯ō”
Koch, John (2004) “*ambiljon-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 228
Meiser, Gerhard (2017–2018) “Chapter VIII: Italic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Italic, page 746: “PI *ombel- < *h₃m̥bʰel-”

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[EDPG-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*nablan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 380

[Zair-2] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36: “*h3n̥bh-el-ii̯ō”

[3] Koch, John (2004) “*ambiljon-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 228

[4] Meiser, Gerhard (2017–2018) “Chapter VIII: Italic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Italic, page 746: “PI *ombel- < *h₃m̥bʰel-”