Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃órbʰos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₃erbʰ- (“to change allegiance, status, ownership”) +‎ *-os.

Noun

*h₃órbʰos m

orphan
servant, slave, worker

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*h₃órbʰos
genitive	*h₃órbʰosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₃órbʰos	*h₃órbʰoh₁	*h₃órbʰoes
vocative	*h₃órbʰe	*h₃órbʰoh₁	*h₃órbʰoes
accusative	*h₃órbʰom	*h₃órbʰoh₁	*h₃órbʰoms
genitive	*h₃órbʰosyo	*?	*h₃órbʰoHom
ablative	*h₃órbʰead	*?	*h₃órbʰomos
dative	*h₃órbʰoey	*?	*h₃órbʰomos
locative	h₃órbʰey, h₃órbʰoy	*?	*h₃órbʰoysu
instrumental	*h₃órbʰoh₁	*?	*h₃órbʰōys

Descendants

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: որբ (orb) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arbas
- Proto-Slavic: *orbъ (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *arbaz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic:
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: ὀρφανός (orphanós) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *orβos
- Latin: orbus (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hárbʰas (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Uralic: *orpa (or independently loaned into some branches)
- Proto-Samic: *oarpēs (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Mordvinic:
  - Erzya: уроз (uroz)
  - Moksha: уроз (uroz)
- Proto-Finnic: *orpoi (see there for further descendants)
- Khanty:
  - Eastern Khanty: йәӈкурвы (jəṇkurwy)
- Hungarian: árva

References

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