Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bullǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰln-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell, bubble”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbul.lɔ̃ː/

Noun

*bullǭ f

round object, ball
round vessel, bowl

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *bullǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bullǭ	*bullōniz
vocative	*bullǭ	*bullōniz
accusative	*bullōnų	*bullōnunz
genitive	*bullōniz	*bullōnǫ̂
dative	*bullōni	*bullōmaz
instrumental	*bullōnē	*bullōmiz

Related terms

*bullô

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bollā
- Old English: bolle
  - Middle English: bolle
    - Scots: boll, bol, bow
    - English: bowl
    - → Middle French: bolle
      - French: bol
        → Greek: μπολ (bol)
- Old Frisian: bolla
  - Saterland Frisian: Boolje, Bol
  - West Frisian: bol
- Old Saxon: *bolla, bollo
  - Middle Low German: bolle, bole
    - German Low German: Boll, Bolle
      - ⇒ Low German: Bolltje
        → Danish: bolsje
        → German: Bollchen
- Old Dutch: *bollo
  - Middle Dutch: bolle m
    - Dutch: bol
      - Afrikaans: bol
    - Limburgish: ból
- Old High German: bolla
  - Middle High German: bolle
    - Alemannic German: Bölle, Belle, Böle
    - German: Bolle
    - Luxembourgish: Boll; Bull (latter uncertain)
- → Vulgar Latin: *bolla (merger with Latin bulla)
  - Italo-Dalmatian
    - Italian: bolla
  - Oïl
    - Old French: bolle, bole
      - Middle French: boule
        French: boule
        → English: boule
      - Norman: bolle, boule
      - → Middle English: bowle, boule
        English: bowl (“lawn bowl, ball”)
    - Picard Old French: *boule
      - ⇒ Picard Old French: boulenc
        → Old French: bolengier, boulanger
        Gallo: boulangier
        Middle French: boulanger
        French: boulanger
        Norman: boulandgi (Jèrriais)
        Walloon: boledjî
  - Old Occitan: bolla, bola
    - Occitan: bòla
    - Catalan: bolla, bola
    - Portuguese: bola
    - → Spanish: bola
  - Old Spanish:
    - Spanish: bolla
Old Norse: bolli
- Icelandic: bolli
- Faroese: bolli
- Norwegian: bolle
- Old Swedish: bolle, bulle
  - Swedish: bulle
    - → Finnish: pulla
      - → English: pulla
    - → Finnish: pullo
- Old Danish: bollæ, bullæ
  - Danish: bolle

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