< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bitraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *bʰidrós (“biting, splitting”), equivalent to *bītaną +‎ *-raz.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbit.rɑz/

Adjective

*bitraz

  1. bitter
    Synonym: *baitraz

Inflection
Declension of *bitraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *bitraz *bitrai *bitrō *bitrôz *bitrą, -atō *bitrō
Accusative *bitranǭ *bitranz *bitrǭ *bitrōz *bitrą, -atō *bitrō
Genitive *bitras, -is *bitraizǫ̂ *bitraizōz *bitraizǫ̂ *bitras, -is *bitraizǫ̂
Dative *bitrammai *bitraimaz *bitraizōi *bitraimaz *bitrammai *bitraimaz
Instrumental *bitranō *bitraimiz *bitraizō *bitraimiz *bitranō *bitraimiz
Weak declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *bitrô *bitraniz *bitrǭ *bitrōniz *bitrô *bitrōnō
Accusative *bitranų *bitranunz *bitrōnų *bitrōnunz *bitrô *bitrōnō
Genitive *bitriniz *bitranǫ̂ *bitrōniz *bitrōnǫ̂ *bitriniz *bitranǫ̂
Dative *bitrini *bitrammaz *bitrōni *bitrōmaz *bitrini *bitrammaz
Instrumental *bitrinē *bitrammiz *bitrōnē *bitrōmiz *bitrinē *bitrammiz


Descendants

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bitra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 66
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