< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īhwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms
  • *īgwō, *īwaz, *īwō[1]

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw- (“yew”), with probably intrusive *-gw-/-hw- from *-w-. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *iwos, *īwos.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

*īhwaz m

  1. yew
  2. name of the I-rune

Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *īhwaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *īhwaz *īhwōz, *īhwōs
vocative *īhw *īhwōz, *īhwōs
accusative *īhwą *īhwanz
genitive *īhwas, *īhwis *īhwǫ̂
dative *īhwai *īhwamaz
instrumental *īhwō *īhwamiz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *īhu
    • Old English: īw, ēow, ēoh
      • Middle English: ew, u, iw, iv, eev, hw, ewe
        • English: yew
        • Scots: yew, ewe
        • Yola: yew
    • Old Saxon: īh, īch
    • Old Dutch: *īwa
      • Middle Dutch: ieve, ijf (possibly a reborrowing from Latin or Romance)
    • Old High German: īwa, eiba, īgo, īga, īha f
      • Middle High German: īwe, ībe
        • Alemannic German: Iche, Ige
        • Cimbrian: aiba
        • German: Eibe
        • Yiddish: אייבנבוים (eybnboym)
    • → Late Latin: ivus, *iva
      • Spanish: iva
      • Old French: if
        • Middle French: if
          • French: if
        • Norman: if
  • Old Norse: ýr
    • Icelandic: ýr
    • Swedish: idegran

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*īwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 271
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*īxwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 203–204
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