< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/karjudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Onomatopoeic.
Inflection
Inflection of *karjudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *karjun | *karjuin | — | *karjugon |
| 2nd sing. | *karjut | *karjuit | *karjuk | *karjugos |
| 3rd sing. | *karjubi *karju |
*karjui | *karjugasën | *karjugosën |
| 1st plur. | *karjukmëk *karjukmak |
*karjuimëk *karjuimak |
*karjugatëmëk *karjugatamak |
*karjugotëmëk *karjugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *karjuktëk *karjuktak |
*karjuidëk *karjuidak |
*karjugatë *karjugata |
*karjugot'ëk *karjugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *karjubat *karju |
*karjui | *karjugasën | *karjugosën |
| passive | *karjuksën *karjut'aksën |
*karjudisën *karjuttisën |
*karjudakahën *karjuttakahën |
*karjudakohën *karjuttakohën |
| connegative | *karjuk | — | *karjugak | *karjugok |
| passive connegative | *karjuktak | — | *karjudagak *karjuttagak |
*karjudagok *karjuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *karjukcin | *karjuicin | *karjunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *karjukcit | *karjuicit | *karjunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *karjukci | *karjuici | *karjuni | |
| 1st plur. | *karjukcimëk *karjukcimak |
*karjuicimëk *karjuicimak |
*karjunëmëk *karjunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *karjukcidëk *karjukcidak |
*karjuicidëk *karjuicidak |
*karjunëdëk *karjunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *karjukci | *karjuici | *karjuni | |
| passive | *karjudakcihën *karjut'akcihën |
*karjudicihën *karjutticihën |
*karjudanëhën *karjuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *karjukcik | *karjuicik | *karjunëk | |
| passive connegative | *karjudakcik *karjut'akcik |
*karjudicik *karjutticik |
*karjudanëk *karjuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *karjudak | present | *karjuba | *karjudapa *karjuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *karjudë- | past | *karjunut | *karjudu *karjuttu |
| gerund/supine | *karjuma | |||
| action noun | *karjuminen | |||
Further reading
- “karjuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “karjua”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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