< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joukko

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Probably, as per Koivulehto, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jaukiją (“team of oxen”) (whence Old Norse eykr), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg-.[1]

In the past it was thought that the word could originate from Proto-Finno-Ugric *jowkkᴈ, but it is now widely agreed that Hungarian gyakor, on which this reconstruction primarily rests, is in fact not related to the Finnic word, and that Proto-Uralic most likely did not have clusters of three or more consonants.

The word is also occasionally, albeit not universally, held to be related to Udmurt [script needed] (ľuk) and Komi-Zyrian юк (juk). According to one theory, the loanword would be old enough to have reached the Permic languages as well.[1] Alternatively, the Permic words could be borrowed from Finnic.

Noun

*joukko

  1. group

Inflection
Inflection of *joukko
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *joukko *jouk'ot
accusative *jouk'on *jouk'ot
genitive *jouk'on *joukkodën
*joukkoidën
partitive *joukkoda *joukkoida
inessive *jouk'ossa
*jouk'ohna		 *jouk'oissa
*jouk'oihna
elative *jouk'osta *jouk'oista
illative *joukkohën *joukkoihën
adessive *jouk'olla *jouk'oilla
ablative *jouk'olta *jouk'oilta
allative *joukkolën
*joukkolëk		 *joukkoilën
*joukkoilëk
essive *joukkona *joukkoina
translative *jouk'oksi *jouk'oiksi
instructive *jouk'on *jouk'oin
comitative *joukkonëk *joukkoinëk
abessive *jouk'otta *jouk'oitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: jõuk
  • Finnish: joukko, joukkio (“a group of people”)
  • Ingrian: joukko
  • Karelian: joukko
  • Livvi: joukko
  • Ludian: d'ouk
  • Veps: jouk
  • Votic: (Kattila) jõukku

References
  1. Koivulehto, Jorma. 1981. "Paikan ja joukon tulo kieleen". Virittäjä 85, pp. 195–213.
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