< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uxsū

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *úks-ō, from *uksḗn (“ox”).

Noun

*uxsū m[1][2][3]

  1. ox, stag

Declension

Originally:

Masculine/feminine consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *uxsens *uxsene *uxsenes
vocative *uxsens *uxsene *uxsenes
accusative *uxsenam *uxsene *uxsenams
genitive *uxsenos *uxsenou *uxsenom
dative *uxsenei *uxsenobom *uxsenobos
locative *uxseni — —
instrumental *uxsene? *uxsenobim *uxsenobis

In Brythonic, the nominative singular was secondarily substituted by the amphikinetic ending *-ū.

Masculine/feminine consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *uxsū *uxsene *uxsenes
vocative *uxsū *uxsene *uxsenes
accusative *uxsenam *uxsene *uxsenams
genitive *uxsenos *uxsenou *uxsenom
dative *uxsenei *uxsenobom *uxsenobos
locative *uxseni — —
instrumental *uxsene? *uxsenobim *uxsenobis

Derived terms
  • *uxsos[3]
    • Old Irish: oss (“elk, deer, stag”)
      • Irish: os (“deer”)
      • Scottish Gaelic: os

Descendants
  • Proto-Brythonic: *üx sg, *uxen pl (“oxen”) (*ödjon (“ox”) commonly used in the singular[4])[3][5][1]
    • Old Breton: ohen
      • Middle Breton: ouhen
        • Breton: oc'hen
    • Old Cornish: oghan, ohan
    • Middle Welsh: ychen sg (“ox”), ych pl
      • Welsh: ych sg, ychain pl

References
  1. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 258
  2. Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*uxso-, *uxson-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 401-402
  4. Williams, Robert (1865) “OH”, in Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum: A Dictionary of the Ancient Celtic Language of Cornwall, in which the Words are elucidated by Copious Examples from the Cornish Works now remaining; With Translations in English​, London: Trubner & Co., page 271
  5. Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 27
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.