Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/kuCu

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Etymology

Compare Proto-Kra *C-ʈuᴬ ("louse") and Proto-Hlai *Cuʈʂhuː (“louse”) (from Pre-Hlai *Cuʈuː). Compare also Old Chinese 蚤 (*ʔsuːʔ, “flea”) /*tsˤuʔ/ (B-S).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kut͡su/

Noun

*kuCu

louse (insect)

Descendants

Saisiyat: koso'
Pazeh: kusu
Thao: kucu
Papora: ucu
East Formosan
- Kavalan: qutu
- Amis: koto
- Sakizaya: kutu
Tsou: 'cuu
Kanakanabu: kucu
Saaroa: kucu'u
Bunun: kutu
Rukai: kucu
Puyuma: kutru
Paiwan: kucu
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *kutu
- Proto-Philippine: *kutu
  - Bikol Central: kuto
  - Cebuano: kuto
  - Dupaningan Agta: kutu
  - Ilocano: kuto
  - Kapampangan: kutu
  - Limos Kalinga: kutu
  - Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: kuto
  - Tagalog: kuto
  - Waray-Waray: kuto
- Basap–Greater Barito
  - Sama-Bajaw
    - Yakan: kutu
    - Mapun: kutu
    - West Coast Bajau: kutu
  - Basap: kutu
  - Mahakam
    - Tunjung: kutu
  - East Barito
    - Ma'anyan: kutu
    - Dusun Witu: kutu
- North Bornean
  - Northeast Sabahan
    - Bonggi: kutu
    - Ida'an: kutu
  - Southwest Sabahan
    - Dusunic
      - Central Dusun: kutu
      - Rungus: kutu
      - Tobilung: kutu
    - Paitanic
      - Upper Kinabatangan: kutu
    - Murutic
      - Timugon Murut: kutu
  - North Sarawakan
    - Bintulu: kutau
    - Berawan–Lower Baram
      - Berawan: kuttoh
    - Kenyah
      - Bakung: kutu
      - Eastern Penan: guteu
  - Central Sarawakan
    - Central Melanau: kutou
    - Kanowit: kutou
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Proto-Chamic: *kutɔw
  - Proto-Malayic: *kutu
    - Iban: kutu
    - Kendayan: gutu
    - Malayan:
      - Brunei Malay: kutu
      - Kerinci: kutow, kutaw
      - Malay: kutu
        → English: cootie
        Indonesian: kutu
      - Minangkabau: kutu
      - Pattani Malay: کوتو / กูตู
    - Urak Lawoi': ฆูตู (gutu)
  - Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
    - Balinese: kutu
    - Sasak: gutu
    - Sumbawa: gutu
  - Sundanese: kutu
  - Madurese: koto
- Javanese: kutu
- South Sulawesi
  - Buginese: utu
- Chamorro: hutu
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *kutu
  - Central Malayo-Polynesian
    - Bima: hudu
  - Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
    - Halmahera-Cenderawasih
      - Buli (Indonesia): ut
    - Proto-Oceanic: *kutu
      - Admiralty Islands
        Manus
        West
        Sori-Harengan: u
        Bipi: kut
        Khehek: kuk
        Intermediate
        Loniu: kut
        Mokerang: gut
        Pak-Tong: gur
        East
        Nali: kut
        Andra-Hus: kut, gut
        Koro (New Guinea): kut
        Western
        Kaniet: uu
        Wuvulu-Aua: fou'u, fuau'u
        Southeast
        Nauna: kut
        Lou: kut
        Penchal: kut
      - Southern Oceanic
        Vanuatu
        Southern Melanesian
        South Efate: kuutin
        South Vanuatu
        Big Nambas: nahət
      - Western Oceanic
        North New Guinea
        Arop-Lokep: kut
        Meso-Melanesian
        Tolai: ut
        Papuan Tip
        Kilivila–Misima
        Kilivila: kutu
        Muyuw: kut
        Central
        Sinagoro–Keapara
        Hula: ɣutu
        Keapara: gutu
        Sinaugoro: ḡutu
        West Central Papuan Tip
        Motu: utu
        Mekeo: u'u
        Roro: uhu
      - Central-Eastern Oceanic
        Southeast Solomonic
        'Are'are: ū
        To'abaita: quu
        Southern Oceanic
        Piamatsina: hutu
        North Efate: kutu
        Hiw: ɣit
        Micronesian
        Kosraean: kut
        Chuukese: kúú
        Woleaian: giusiu
        Central Pacific
        West Fijian–Rotuman
        Rotuman: ʻufu
        Western Fijian: kutu
        East Fijian–Polynesian
        Fijian: kutu
        Proto-Polynesian: *kutu
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Hawaiian: ʻuku
        Maori: kutu
        Rapa Nui: kutu
        Tahitian: ʻutu
        Tongic:
        Tongan: kutu
        Niuean: kutu

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *kuCux.
原住民族語言線上詞典 [Online Dictionary of Aboriginal Languages]‎ (in Mandarin), Taipei: Foundation for Research and Development of Aboriginal Languages, 2021

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