𐭬𐭣𐭬

Middle Persian

Alternative forms

[Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾpl /⁠abar⁠/)

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér.

Cognates include English over, Latin super (whence English super), Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old Armenian վեր (ver), German über, Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (upaⁱri).

Logogram from Aramaic 𐡒𐡃𐡌 (qd̠ām, qŭd̠ām). Compare Classical Syriac ܩܕܡ (qdām).

Preposition

𐭬𐭣𐭬 • (QDM /abar/)

up, on, over
abar āmadan ― rise (sun)

abar nišastan ― sit, be enthroned

abar nigarīdan ― consider

Descendants

Classical Persian: بر (bar) (as a prefix or preposition), (abar) (as a prefix)
- Dari: ابر (abar), بر (bar)
- Persian: ابر (abar), (bar)
- Tajik: абар (abar), бар (bar)

References

MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “ʾpl”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 1

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