高山

Chinese

		high; tall	mountain; hill
simp. and trad. (高山)		高	山

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gāoshān

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄠㄕㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gou¹ saan¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kô-sân
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko-san

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gāoshān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠㄕㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gaoshan
  - Wade–Giles: kao¹-shan¹
  - Yale: gāu-shān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaushan
  - Palladius: гаошань (gaošanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gou¹ saan¹
  - Yale: gōu sāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gou¹ saan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gou¹ san¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯⁵⁵ saːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kô-sân
  - Hakka Romanization System: go´ san´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: go¹ san¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴⁻¹¹ san²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-san
  - Tâi-lô: ko-san
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koisafn
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ko³³ san³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² san⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ko⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ san⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kaw srean

Rime
Character	高	山
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	古勞切	所閒切
Baxter	kaw	srean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑu/	/ʃˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑu/	/ʃᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑu/	/ʃæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaw/	/ʂəɨn/
Li Rong	/kɑu/	/ʃɛn/
Wang Li	/kɑu/	/ʃæn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑu/	/ʂăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gāo	shān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gou¹	saan¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[k]ˤaw s-ŋrar/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaːw sreːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	高	山
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gāo	shān
Middle Chinese	‹ kaw ›	‹ srɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[k]ˁaw/	/*s-ŋrar/
English	high, tall	mountain, hill
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	高	山
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3726	11052
Phonetic component	高	山
Rime group	宵	元
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	髙	山
Old Chinese	/*kaːw/	/*sreːn/

Noun

高山

high mountain
我現在的住所唯有高山，不見大海。 [MSC, trad.]
我现在的住所唯有高山，不见大海。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ xiànzài de zhùsuǒ wéiyǒu gāoshān, bù jiàn dàhǎi. [Pinyin]
Where I live now there is no sea, but only high mountains.
- 故不登高山，不知天之高也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE
  Gù bù dēng gāoshān, bùzhī tiān zhī gāo yě. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

(Hokkien) 懸山／悬山 (koân-soaⁿ, koâiⁿ-soaⁿ)

Derived terms

不登高山，不顯平地／不登高山，不显平地
流水高山
高山仰之
高山仰止 (gāoshānyǎngzhǐ)
高山安仰
高山峻嶺／高山峻岭
高山族 (Gāoshānzú)
高山景行
高山植物
高山流水 (gāoshānliúshuǐ)
高山症 (gāoshānzhèng)
高山病 (gāoshānbìng)
高山語／高山语
高山重嶂

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (高山):

→ Japanese: 高山(こうざん) (kōzan)
→ Korean: 고산(高山) (gosan)

Etymology 2

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 高山(たかやま) (Takayama).

Proper noun

高山

(～市) Takayama (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
高	山
こう Grade: 2	さん > ざん Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

高(こう)山(ざん) • (kōzan)

high mountain

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
高	山
たか Grade: 2	やま Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Proper noun

高(たか)山(やま) • (Takayama)

Takayama (a city in Gifu Prefecture, Japan)
a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
高	山
こう Grade: 2	やま Grade: 1
jūbakoyomi

Proper noun

高(こう)山(やま) • (Kōyama)

a surname

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