超過

See also: 超过

Chinese

		to exceed; overtake; surpass to exceed; overtake; surpass; transcend; ultra-; super-; to pass; to cross	to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too-
trad. (超過)		超	過
simp. (超过)		超	过

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chāoguò

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄠㄍㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu¹ gwo³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhêu-ko
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhiau-kè / chhiau-kòe / chhiau-kèr / thiau-kòe

(Teochew, Peng'im): tiao¹ guê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chāoguò
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄠㄍㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chaoguò
  - Wade–Giles: chʻao¹-kuo⁴
  - Yale: chāu-gwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chauguoh
  - Palladius: чаого (čaogo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ciu¹ gwo³
  - Yale: chīu gwo
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu¹ gwo³
  - Guangdong Romanization: qiu¹ guo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːu̯⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhêu-ko
  - Hakka Romanization System: ceu´ go
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ceu¹ go⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Jinjiang, Taipei, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau-kè
  - Tâi-lô: tshiau-kè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiau'kex
  - IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sʰiau³³ ke⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² ke²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ ke¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau-kòe
  - Tâi-lô: tshiau-kuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiau'koex
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻³³ kue²¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡sʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² kue²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiau-kèr
  - Tâi-lô: tshiau-kèr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiau³³ kə⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiau-kòe
  - Tâi-lô: thiau-kuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiau'koex
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiau⁴⁴⁻²² kue²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tiao¹ guê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiau kuè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiau³³⁻²³ kue²¹³/

Verb

超⫽過 (verb-complement)

(literal, figurative, transitive) to be ahead of; to overtake; to pass; to outstrip; to surpass; to exceed
他超過了三輛自行車。 [MSC, trad.]
他超过了三辆自行车。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā chāoguò le sān liàng zìxíngchē. [Pinyin]
He passed three bikes.

事實上，我們在科研方面遠遠超過他們。 [MSC, trad.]
事实上，我们在科研方面远远超过他们。 [MSC, simp.]
Shìshíshàng, wǒmen zài kēyán fāngmiàn yuǎnyuǎn chāoguò tāmen. [Pinyin]
As a matter of fact, we are far ahead of them in scientific research.

毒物質含量超過正常許可值數倍。 [MSC, trad.]
毒物质含量超过正常许可值数倍。 [MSC, simp.]
Dúwùzhì hánliàng chāoguò zhèngcháng xǔkězhí shù bèi. [Pinyin]
The content of toxins in the substance exceeds twice the allowed quantity.

Usage notes

Like English be ahead of and overtake, 超過／超过 (chāoguò) can denote literally rushing to the front, as well as figuratively exceeding a particular benchmark. Chinese monolingual dictionaries often distinguish between these two senses.

Synonyms

出乎 (chūhū)
勝過／胜过 (shèngguò)
強似／强似 (qiángsì) (formal)
強過／强过 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
愈 (yù) (formal)
蓋／盖 (literary)
蓋過／盖过 (Hakka)
賽過／赛过 (sàiguò)
超 (chāo)
超出 (chāochū)
越出 (yuèchū)
超越 (chāoyuè)
越過／越过 (yuèguò)
跨越 (kuàyuè)
軼越／轶越 (yìyuè) (literary)
逾越 (yúyuè)
開過／开过 (kāiguò) (Beijing Mandarin)

Derived terms

遠超過／远超过

Japanese

Kanji in this term
超	過
ちょう Grade: S	か Grade: 5
on’yomi

Noun

超(ちょう)過(か) • (chōka)

excess

Verb

超(ちょう)過(か)する • (chōka suru) suru (stem 超(ちょう)過(か)し (chōka shi), past 超(ちょう)過(か)した (chōka shita))

exceed

Conjugation

Conjugation of "超過する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	超過し	ちょうかし	chōka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	超過し	ちょうかし	chōka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	超過する	ちょうかする	chōka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	超過する	ちょうかする	chōka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	超過すれ	ちょうかすれ	chōka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	超過せよ¹ 超過しろ²	ちょうかせよ¹ ちょうかしろ²	chōka seyo¹ chōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	超過される	ちょうかされる	chōka sareru
Causative	超過させる超過さす	ちょうかさせるちょうかさす	chōka saseru chōka sasu
Potential	超過できる	ちょうかできる	chōka dekiru
Volitional	超過しよう	ちょうかしよう	chōka shiyō
Negative	超過しない	ちょうかしない	chōka shinai
Negative continuative	超過せず	ちょうかせず	chōka sezu
Formal	超過します	ちょうかします	chōka shimasu
Perfective	超過した	ちょうかした	chōka shita
Conjunctive	超過して	ちょうかして	chōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	超過すれば	ちょうかすれば	chōka sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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