艱難困苦

Chinese

		hard; difficult; challenging	harrowing; miserable; hardship harrowing; miserable; hardship; suffering; ordeal
trad. (艱難困苦)		艱難	困苦
simp. (艰难困苦)		艰难	困苦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiānnánkùnkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ naan⁴ kwan³ fu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiānnánkùnkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄋㄢˊ ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiannánkùnkǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹-nan²-kʻun⁴-kʻu³
  - Yale: jyān-nán-kwùn-kǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannankuennkuu
  - Palladius: цзяньнанькуньку (czjanʹnanʹkunʹku)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ nän³⁵ kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaan¹ naan⁴ kwan³ fu²
  - Yale: gāan nàahn kwan fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ naan⁴ kwan³ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gan¹ nan⁴ kuen³ fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn⁵⁵ naːn²¹ kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/

Idiom

艱難困苦

difficulties and hardships

Derived terms

艱難困苦，玉汝於成／艰难困苦，玉汝于成

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