白國
See also: 白国
Chinese
    
white; empty; blank white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous  | 
country; state; nation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (白國) | 白 | 國 | |
| simp. (白国) | 白 | 国 | |
| anagram | 國白/国白 | ||
| Literally: “white country”. | |||
Pronunciation
    
- Mandarin
 - Cantonese
 - Gan (Wiktionary): pah7 guet6
 - Hakka
 - Jin (Wiktionary): bai1 gueh4 / bieh5 gueh4
 - Northern Min (KCR): Bà̤-gŏ
 - Eastern Min (BUC): Bĕk-guók
 - Southern Min
 - Wu (Wugniu)
- (Shanghainese): 8baq-koq
 
 - Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): be6 gue6
 
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Báiguó
 - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄍㄨㄛˊ
 - Tongyong Pinyin: Báiguó
 - Wade–Giles: Pai2-kuo2
 - Yale: Bái-gwó
 - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Bairgwo
 - Palladius: Байго (Bajgo)
 - Sinological IPA (key): /paɪ̯³⁵ ku̯ɔ³⁵/
 
 - (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: Be2 gue2
 - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Begue
 - Sinological IPA (key): /pɛ²¹ kuɛ²¹/
 
 - (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: Быйгуә (Bɨyguə, I-I) / Быйгуй (Bɨyguy, I-I)
 - Sinological IPA (key): /pei²⁴ kuə²⁴/, /pei²⁴ kuei²⁴/
 
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
 
 
 - (Standard Chinese)+
 - Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: baak6 gwok3
 - Yale: baahk gwok
 - Cantonese Pinyin: baak9 gwok8
 - Guangdong Romanization: bag6 guog3
 - Sinological IPA (key): /paːk̚² kʷɔːk̚³/
 
 - (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: bak5 gok2
 - Sinological IPA (key): /pak̚³² kɔk̚⁵⁵/
 
 
 - (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
 - Gan
 - Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Pha̍k-koet
 - Hakka Romanization System: pag gued`
 - Hagfa Pinyim: pag6 gued5
 - Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ ku̯et̚²/
 
 - (Meixian)
- Guangdong: pag6 guêd5
 - Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ kuɛt̚¹/
 
 
 - (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
 - Jin
 - Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Bà̤-gŏ
 - Sinological IPA (key): /pɛ⁴² ko²⁴/
 
 
 - (Jian'ou)
 - Eastern Min
 - Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pe̍h-kok
 - Tâi-lô: Pe̍h-kok
 - Phofsit Daibuun: peqkog
 - IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ kɔk̚³²/
 - IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² kɔk̚⁵/
 - IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
 
 - (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pe̍eh-kok
 - Tâi-lô: Pe̍eh-kok
 - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
 
 - (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pe̍k-kok
 - Tâi-lô: Pi̍k-kok
 - Phofsit Daibuun: pegkog
 - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚⁴⁻³² kɔk̚³²/
 - IPA (Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kɔk̚³²/
 
 - (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Pia̍k-kok
 - Tâi-lô: Pia̍k-kok
 - Phofsit Daibuun: piagkog
 - IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚²⁴⁻² kɔk̚⁵/
 
 - (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bêh8 gog4
 - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pe̍h kok
 - Sinological IPA (key): /peʔ⁴⁻² kok̚²/
 
 
 - (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
 - Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wugniu: 8baq-koq
 - Wiktionary Romanisation: 5baq-koq
 - Sinological IPA (key): /baʔ¹¹ koʔ²³/
 
 
 - (Shanghainese)
 - Xiang
 
- Middle Chinese: baek kwok
 
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 白 | 國 | 
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 見 (28) | 
| Final (韻) | 庚 (113) | 登 (132) | 
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) | 
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | 
| Division (等) | II | I | 
| Fanqie | 傍陌切 | 古或切 | 
| Baxter | baek | kwok | 
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang  | 
/bˠæk̚/ | /kwək̚/ | 
| Pan Wuyun  | 
/bᵚak̚/ | /kʷək̚/ | 
| Shao Rongfen  | 
/bak̚/ | /kuək̚/ | 
| Edwin Pulleyblank  | 
/baɨjk̚/ | /kwək̚/ | 
| Li Rong  | 
/bɐk̚/ | /kuək̚/ | 
| Wang Li  | 
/bɐk̚/ | /kuək̚/ | 
| Bernard Karlgren  | 
/bʱɐk̚/ | /kwək̚/ | 
| Expected Mandarin Reflex  | 
bó | guo | 
| Expected Cantonese Reflex  | 
bak6 | gwak1 | 
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*bˤrak [C.q]ʷˤək/
 - (Zhengzhang): /*braːɡ kʷɯːɡ/
 
 
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 白 | 國 | 
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin)  | 
bái | guó | 
| Middle Chinese  | 
‹ bæk › | ‹ kwok › | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*bˁrak/ | /*[C.q]ʷˁək/ | 
| English | white | state (n.) | 
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: 					* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;  | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 白 | 國 | 
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 
| No. | 207 | 5547 | 
| Phonetic component  | 
白 | 或 | 
| Rime group  | 
鐸 | 職 | 
| Rime subdivision  | 
0 | 0 | 
| Corresponding MC rime  | 
白 | 國 | 
| Old Chinese  | 
/*braːɡ/ | /*kʷɯːɡ/ | 
Derived terms
    
- 白國人/白国人
 
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