| summer; Xia (proper name) | empress; queen; surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (夏后) | 夏 | 后 | |
| simp. #(夏后) | 夏 | 后 | |
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 夏 | 后 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡雅切 | 胡口切 | 胡遘切 |
| Baxter | haeX | huwX | huwH |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦˠaX/ | /ɦəuX/ | /ɦəuH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦᵚaX/ | /ɦəuX/ | /ɦəuH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣaX/ | /ɣəuX/ | /ɣəuH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦaɨX/ | /ɦəwX/ | /ɦəwH/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣaX/ | /ɣuX/ | /ɣuH/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣaX/ | /ɣəuX/ | /ɣəuH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣaX/ | /ɣə̯uX/ | /ɣə̯uH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
xià | hòu | hòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
haa6 | hau6 | hau6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 夏 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
xià | hòu |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ hæX › | ‹ huwX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɢ]ˁraʔ/ | /*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/ |
| English | great; pertaining to Chinese civilization | sovereign; queen |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 夏 | 后 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 13452 | 5168 |
| Phonetic component |
夏 | 后 |
| Rime group |
魚 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
下 | 厚 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡraːʔ/ | /*ɡoːʔ/ |