みやび
Japanese
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 雅 |
Etymology
From Old Japanese. First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]
Derived as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb みやぶ (“to be courtly, elegant, refined, high-quality”), in turn from 宮 (miya, “palace, imperial court”) + ぶ (bu, verb-forming suffix with a meaning of "to seem like, to have that quality").[1][2]
Adjective
みやび • (miyabi) ←みやび (myabi)?-na (adnominal みやびな (miyabi na na), adverbial みやびに (miyabi ni ni))
- [from 720] courtly, elegant, refined, high-quality
Usage notes
Also found in the oldest sources with the -to / -taru inflection used with adjectives such as 堂々 (dōdō, “grand, stately, imposing”).
Inflection
Inflection of みやび
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | みやびだろ | miyabi daro | |
| Continuative (連用形) | みやびで | miyabi de | |
| Terminal (終止形) | みやびだ | miyabi da | |
| Attributive (連体形) | みやびな | miyabi na | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | みやびなら | miyabi nara | |
| Imperative (命令形) | みやびであれ | miyabi de are | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | みやびではない みやびじゃない |
miyabi de wa nai miyabi ja nai | |
| Informal past | みやびだった | miyabi datta | |
| Informal negative past | みやびではなかった みやびじゃなかった |
miyabi de wa nakatta miyabi ja nakatta | |
| Formal | みやびです | miyabi desu | |
| Formal negative | みやびではありません みやびじゃありません |
miyabi de wa arimasen miyabi ja arimasen | |
| Formal past | みやびでした | miyabi deshita | |
| Formal negative past | みやびではありませんでした みやびじゃありませんでした |
miyabi de wa arimasen deshita miyabi ja arimasen deshita | |
| Conjunctive | みやびで | miyabi de | |
| Conditional | みやびなら(ば) | miyabi nara (ba) | |
| Provisional | みやびだったら | miyabi dattara | |
| Volitional | みやびだろう | miyabi darō | |
| Adverbial | みやびに | miyabi ni | |
| Degree | みやびさ | miyabisa | |
Coordinate terms
- さとび (satobi)
References
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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