ねじる

Japanese
Alternative spellings
捻る
捻じる
捩る
捩じる
拗る

Etymology

From Classical Japanese verb ねづ (nezu).

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Later on, the verb shifted to yodan conjugation.[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "捩じる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 捩じる ねじ​る [nèjíꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 捩じれ ねじ​れ [nèjíꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive 捩じられる ねじられ​る [nèjíráréꜜrù]
Causative 捩じらせる ねじらせ​る [nèjíráséꜜrù]
Potential 捩じれる ねじれ​る [nèjíréꜜrù]
Volitional 捩じろう ねじろ​ー [nèjíróꜜò]
Negative 捩じらない ねじら​ない [nèjíráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 捩じらなかった ねじら​なかった [nèjíráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 捩じります ねじりま​す [nèjírímáꜜsù]
Perfective 捩じった ねじ​った [nèjíꜜttà]
Conjunctive 捩じって ねじ​って [nèjíꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional 捩じれば ねじ​れば [nèjíꜜrèbà]

Verb

ねじる • (nejiru) ←ねぢる (nediru)?transitive godan (stem ねじり (nejiri), past ねじった (nejitta))

Japanese verb pair
active ねじる
mediopassive 拗ける
  1. twist

Conjugation
Conjugation of "ねじる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") ねじら nejira
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") ねじり nejiri
Shūshikei ("terminal") ねじる nejiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") ねじる nejiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") ねじれ nejire
Meireikei ("imperative") ねじれ nejire
Key constructions
Passive ねじられる nejirareru
Causative ねじらせる
ねじらす		 nejiraseru
nejirasu
Potential ねじれる nejireru
Volitional ねじろう nejirō
Negative ねじらない nejiranai
Negative continuative ねじらず nejirazu
Formal ねじります nejirimasu
Perfective ねじった nejitta
Conjunctive ねじって nejitte
Hypothetical conditional ねじれば nejireba

References
  1. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  6. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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